Banks, Susan Rae; Pavel, Michael; Pavel, Susan (2002). The Oksale Story: Training Teachers for Schools Serving American Indians and Alaska Natives. Journal of American Indian Education, v41 n2 p38-47. Oksale Native Teacher Preparation Program is a collaboration between Northwest Indian College and Washington State University born out of the need for Native American teachers in the Pacific Northwest. Excerpts from student interviews describe the culturally relevant approach, constructivist teaching methods, and sense of family that results from the course taught by Native teachers on the Lummi Reservation. (TD)…

Arquero, Albenita; Belgarde, Mary Jiron; Mitchell, Rosalita D. (2002). What Do We Have To Do To Create Culturally Responsive Programs?: The Challenge of Transforming American Indian Teacher Education. Action in Teacher Education, v24 n2 p42-54 Sum. Investigated the nature, development, and effectiveness of teacher training programs for American Indians, contending that historical marginalization within and limited access to educational contexts have silenced Native communities' voices in school planning. Effective American Indian preservice programs provide access to university resources; engage community members in developing curriculum and instruction; immerse student teachers in authentic, diverse cultural settings; and model culturally responsive teaching. Promising models of education are described. (SM)…

Boylan, Colin, Ed. (2005). Our Stories: Innovation and Excellence in Rural Education. Proceedings of National Rural Education Conference of the Society for the Provision of Education in Rural Australia (21st, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, October 2005). Online Submission, Proceedings of National Rural Education Conference of the Society for the Provision of Education in Rural Australia (21st, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, Oct 2005). The papers contained in this document represent the keynote addresses, refereed and non-refereed conference papers from the 21st National Conference of the Society for the Provision of Education in Rural Australia (SPERA). The theme for this national annual conference was: Our Stories: Innovation and Excellence in Rural Education. Keynote addresses in these proceedings include: (1) Creating Collaborative Communities–The Regional South Australian Experience (Steven Arndt); (2) Local versus Global Knowledges: A Fundamental Dilemma in "Remote Education" (Michael Christie); (3) C.R.E.A.T.E.–Creating Rural Entrepreneurial Attitudes through Education (Peter Kenyon); and (4) IDL–Interactive Distance Learning in the Northern Territory (Tony Richards). Refereed papers include: (5) Designing a Course in Pre-Service Rural Education (Colin Boylan); (6) Summer School at a Regional University Campus: Just Completing a Course, or a Rich Learning Experience? (Bronwyn Ellis, Digby… [PDF]

Heimbecker, Connie; Minner, Sam; Prater, Greg (2000). Community-Based Native Teacher Education Programs. This paper describes two exemplary school-based Native teacher education programs offered by Northern Arizona University (NAU) to serve Navajo students and by Lakehead University (Ontario) to serve members of the Nishnabe Nation of northern Ontario. The Reaching American Indian Special/Elementary Educators (RAISE) program is located in Kayenta, Arizona, on the Navajo Reservation. RAISE aims to improve recruitment and retention of special education teachers on the reservation. Each cohort of program participants includes Navajo paraprofessionals employed in Kayenta schools and non-Native students from the NAU campus. Throughout the RAISE program, all participants live on the reservation, work and receive coursework in reservation schools, and get to know each other's culture. The supportive and highly contextualized nature of the program have contributed to high program retention and completion rates. Lakehead University developed its Native Teacher Education Program (NTEP) to meet… [PDF]

Wilson, Darryl Babe (1998). You Must Learn To Use Words Like Bullets. Winds of Change, v13 n1 p24-26 Win. For American Indian students, the secret and art of navigating the EuroAmerican education system is to balance the best instruction in the Western canon with original Native knowledge and wisdom. Retaining or relearning one's Native language, and speaking and writing in that language are important in keeping that balance. (TD)…

Kepa, Mere; Manu'atu, Linita (2002). Toward Conceptualising Cultural Diversity: An Indigenous Critique. This paper, written from the perspectives of indigenous Maori and Tongan researchers, critiques the Auckland Secondary Schools Principals Association's (ASSPA) perspective that culture disrupts students' schooling. It discusses the relations of schooling to the cultural and political forces inside and outside of school; the relations of indigenous students to their own community and environment. It examines how the ASSPA protects and supports the relationship of schools in shaping culture and politics and how the ASSPA and schooling can be infused with new insights, perspectives, philosophies, and approaches through practices that traverse cultural and political relationships. The paper presents a theoretical framework called "Po Talanoa," which is empowering and gratifying to indigenous people because it does not limit their capacity to understand the complexity and richness of the indigenous cultural milieu. The framework facilitates understanding of the relationships of… [PDF]

Kepa, Tangiwai Mere Appleton; Manu'atu, Linita (1999). Education in the Night: A Serious Separation. Education is one of the social institutions manipulated by New Zealand's European people to establish and perpetuate a painfully fragmented society. Po Ako is a community-based educational project where immigrant teachers, parents, and children from Tonga educate themselves at night about their own culture to better understand themselves and their new situation in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The separation of Tongan students from the official educational practices in secondary schooling is necessary to their understanding of their collective situation of dispossession in Eurocentric New Zealand society and how to change it. Formed in 1991 in response to the failure of the school to prepare Tongan students to pass the Year 10 national examination, Po Ako operates for 2 hours on Monday and Wednesday evenings. Funding is the cooperative responsibility of the students, parents, school, and government. Tongan and Maori women and men from a range of ages, occupations, and academic disciplines… [PDF]

Menton, Linda K. (1994). The Use of Simulation as a Teaching Strategy for Civic Understanding and Participation. Teaching History: A Journal of Methods, v19 n1 p3-18 Spr. Asserts that simulations are considered a highly effective pedagogical tool because they involve students in problem-solving and inquiry-based activities. Presents a model simulation designed to prepare secondary or college students for civic discourse about reparations as an important public policy issue. (CFR)…

Brown, Leslie A. (1992). Social Work Education for Aboriginal Communities. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, v22 n3 p46-56. It is suggested that Canadian social work education for aboriginal students facilitates their assimilation into a mainstream culture and profession and that a social work curriculum that promotes recognition and accommodation of aboriginal perspectives is preferable. Interface teaching is proposed as useful for nonaboriginal educators to deal with unique aboriginal issues. (Author/MSE)… [PDF]

(2007). Trends in Higher Education. Volume 1: Enrolment. Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada This volume presents an overall picture of enrollment trends in Canada, with breakdowns in terms of students' gender, age, type of study (part time, full-time, lifelong learning opportunities), level of degree (bachelor's, master's, PhD) and type of student (domestic, international, Aboriginal, visible minorities). Following this is a discussion of the factors that are currently driving change in enrollment levels and participation rates and that will drive change for the foreseeable future. Demography is examined first, as it is clear that demographics have played and will continue to play an important role in any projection of enrollment growth. The discussion presents an overall national view, as well as a provincial breakdown, since there will be very significant differences in population trends between and within provinces. Then, a comprehensive analysis of the factors that can influence participation rates–a measure that can have sustained impact on enrollment in spite of… [Direct]

Mardfin, Jean Kadooka (1991). Tuition Waivers for Hawaiian Students In Higher Education. Report No. 2. This publication presents the results of a mandated state (Hawaii) study of the issues involved in providing tuition waivers to native Hawaiian students at all campuses of the University of Hawaii system. The study sought, in particular, to examine the nature of tuition waivers, the issues to be addressed if such a policy were instituted, and the probable impacts on the university system. Chapter 1 describes the characteristics of the Hawaiian population generally, its educational levels and needs as identified by past surveys, and the population of native Hawaiian students in the University of Hawaii system. Chapter 2 describes tuition waivers as they currently operate at the University of Hawaii; how much income is foregone by the University in providing those waivers; and how many native Hawaiian students potentially might take advantage of a tuition waiver program. This chapter describes a similar program operating in Michigan for North American Indians. Chapter 3 presents the… [PDF]

(1975). Datos Historicos de Puerto Rico (Historical Facts on Puerto Rico). Preliminary Edition. A volume of information about Puerto Rican history and culture is designed for use by teachers in the bilingual education program of the Chicago public schools to support cultural awareness among native Spanish-speaking students. Six chapters outline important information concerning: the history of Puerto Rico, some aspects of the life of the Indians, a historical synopsis of arts and crafts, the life and development of Puerto Rican dance, popular iconography, and brief biographies of 76 prominent Puerto Ricans. The text is entirely in Spanish. (MSE)…

Alexander, Frank D.; Kira, Marian M (1969). Home Economics Work With Low-Income People: July 1, 1961 – June 31, 1967. A survey of home economics work with low-income people in New York State lists the types of activities undertaken in 51 of the state's 55 counties (the other four did not respond). Programs reported most often by counties were donated foods (surplus food); homemaker services programs; parent programs; and public housing tenant programs. Programs reported least frequently were food stamp programs; migrant family programs; and school programs. The use of non-professional aides in homemaker services and allied activities has greatly enriched the program, providing an intimate and informal contact with households facing particular problems. (Includes tables; map; survey questionnaire.) (mf)… [PDF]

Jacobs, Don Trent; Jacobs-Spencer, Jessica (2001). Teaching Virtues: Building Character across the Curriculum. A Scarecrow Education Book. This book about teaching virtues is based on a fundamental American Indian view that sees the universe as intimate relationships of living things that are vitally affected by attributes called universal virtues. These virtues cross all boundaries and cannot be "taught" in isolation. They are woven into all subjects that are worth learning. Part 1 provides psychological perspectives that underpin the book's approach. Part 2 shows how various pedagogical strategies can turn subject matter into significant relationships. Since teaching virtues is ultimately about relationships, a natural way to embed awareness of virtues unfolds when there is a consistent commitment to teaching virtues daily. Chapters introduce the lesson plan format and the conceptual model, explore the meanings of vital terminology, and discuss assessment strategies. Part 3 realizes the actual interconnections between virtues and content knowledge, with chapters that address social studies, language arts,… [PDF]

Greenwood, Margo; Shawana, Perry (2002). Appropriateness of Outcome-Based Framework for Aboriginal Child Care. A study examined the appropriateness of outcome-based regulation for Aboriginal child care in British Columbia (BC). Interviews were conducted with 15 key informants selected from five BC regions. Focus groups held in four BC regions included Aboriginal leaders, Elders, policy makers, provincial licensing officers, frontline workers, and parents using child care services. Among the results and recommendations were that child care services for Native children should be holistic and age- and developmentally appropriate, reflect the children's home environment, help with the transition from home to school, transmit Native culture and language, and be accountable. Administration and delivery should be decided by First Nations communities and involve Elders, community members trained in early childhood education, and extended family. Although they represent a starting point, standards and regulations developed by the province have no cultural accountability and limit services in First… [PDF]

Sawamura, Nobuhide (2002). Local Spirit, Global Knowledge: A Japanese Approach to Knowledge Development in International Cooperation. Compare, v32 n3 p339-48 Oct. Examines the contribution Japan can make to major debates about development and aid. Discusses Japan's history of development and aid receipt. Argues that it is important to understand the crucial role played by Japanese cultural values. Emphasizes that the Japanese tradition of understanding knowledge is different from other aid providing countries. (CAJ)…

McLoughlin, Catherine (1999). Culturally Responsive Technology Use: Developing an On-line Community of Learners. British Journal of Educational Technology, v30 n3 p231-43 Jul. Traces the development of an online unit for Indigenous Australian learners, and accounts for cultural issues that impacted on the design of learning tasks and the associated avenues for communication provided to learners. In this context, culturally responsive design was ensured by the adoption of Lave's (1991) community of practice model. (AEF)…

McWilliam, Erica (2002). Against Professional Development. Educational Philosophy and Theory, v34 n3 p289-299 Aug. All professional workers need to be "developed." Moreover, there should be no end to this process–the true professional knows that learning is for life. The author wants to explore how these two propositions have come to be true for academics and other professional workers at the beginning of the new millennium, and with what effects. In doing so, she seeks to provoke debate about "professional development" as a discursively organised domain whose practices are neither innocent nor neutral. In declaring this to be a paper "against" professional development, she is signalling her ambivalence about the truth claims made within this discursive domain as much as her interest in how such claims have gained the status of Truth. Her rationale arises out of her concerns about the sort of knowledge that is coming to count as worthwhile for all professionals, including academics, and the current proliferation of mechanisms for disseminating this knowledge, for… [Direct]

Nagai, Yasuko (2004). Vernacular Education in Papua New Guinea: Is It Really Effective?. Convergence, v37 n2 p107-121. This paper is based on an observational study concerning the effectiveness of elementary education. It was conducted in a rural area near Alotau, the provincial capital of the Milne Bay Province, with a special focus on the Maiwala Elementary School. In this paper, the author first briefly describes what elementary education is and how it has been implemented in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Then she clarifies the aims of elementary education. She also provides a brief history of the Maiwala Elementary School, and discusses the effectiveness of elementary education. Finally, she concludes this paper recommending some important points for the expansion of elementary education. (Contains 10 notes.)… [Direct]

Jenkins, Bertram A.; Jenkins, Kathryn A. (2005). Education for Sustainable Development and the Question of Balance: Lessons from the Pacific. Current Issues in Comparative Education, v7 n2 p114-129 Apr. In this paper, we discuss the challenges for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) with respect to achieving an appropriate balance between the three pillars of sustainable development–economy, society and the environment. In order to do this, we focus on specific concerns confronting a number of developing countries in the Pacific where unsustainable activities provide lessons for the implementation of ESD. ESD requires commitment from governments, commercial operators including transnational corporations, and local communities to facilitate positive changes through development of sustainable practices. In addition, we examine links between ESD and Environmental Education (EE) and advocate that they have the potential to work together to bring about the desired changes necessary to create a sustainable future…. [PDF]

Broadbent, Andrea (2004). Understanding Place-Value: A Case Study of the Base Ten Game. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, v9 n4 p45-46. In this article, the author reports findings from a project designed to explore approaches for improving students' mathematical learning outcomes in relation to the base ten number system. The project explored the role of a commonly used teaching activity, referred to in the project as the "base ten game," in developing children's understanding of the number system. The game involves students using a place value board and concrete materials to develop an understanding of the structure of the number system and to learn to operate on numbers using this structure. This project revealed the necessity of explicitly developing links between the concrete materials, the learning activities, and the structure of the number system to support the development of relational understanding of place-value. (Contains 3 figures.)… [Direct]

Boyd, Kate; Wignell, Peter (1994). "Kakadu National Park as a Case Study in Workplace Literacy." Adult Literacy Report for National Languages and Literacy Institute of Australia and Centre for Studies in Language in Education. This paper is a report on a workplace adult literacy project at Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory of Australia. The project deals with the use and function of written text in the work of park rangers and assesses the literacy needs of park rangers and trainees. The project focuses on the uses and functions of written text in the workplace, the perceptions of park staff about written text and how the use of written text influences the work of a park ranger. The emphasis of this project is on the literacy requirements of the workplace, not on the literacy of individuals or groups of individuals working there or hoping to work there. Discussion of different groups becomes relevant, however, where needs and perceptions differ. This report focuses on what types of written text are used and are necessary in managing the park, how those texts interconnect and what types of difficulties these texts are likely to have for park rangers. (Contains 16 references.) (CK)… [PDF]

Semali, Ladislaus (1997). Quest of Visual Literacy: Deconstructing Visual Images of Indigenous People. This paper introduces five concepts that guide teachers' and students' critical inquiry in the understanding of media and visual representation. In a step-by-step process, the paper illustrates how these five concepts can become a tool with which to critique and examine film images of indigenous people. The Sani are indigenous people of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa. The culture, language and social life of the Sani has been represented in the film, "The Gods Must Be Crazy" (1984). Through the humorous images in the film, the writer-director makes jokes about the absurdities and discontinuities of African life. In films, through the manipulation of camera angles and other techniques, the viewer is given a sense of realism. Such ploys of visual representations of people demand a careful analysis to discover: (1) what is at issue; (2) how the issue/event is defined; (3) who is involved; (4) what the arguments are; and (5) what is taken for granted, including… [PDF]

Basso, Keith H. (1996). Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache. This book of essays draws on a cultural geography project in which an ethnographer and Apache consultants mapped the area around Cibecue, on the Fort Apache Reservation (Arizona). The essays focus on different Apache individuals and examine the ways that Apache constructions of place reach deeply into other cultural spheres. Many Apache place names evoke vivid images of places, and since these names were given by the ancestors as they explored and settled the land, they provide a path by which local people may reconstruct, imagine, and draw meaning from the past. A name that no longer matches a place's appearance provides evidence of environmental change over time and further material for local historical interpretation. Clan names are based on these descriptive names. Other place names allude to historical events that illuminate causes and consequences of wrongful social conduct. These names are linked to traditional stories used to instruct young people and admonish those who…

(1968). Federal Programs Which May Support the Training of Neighborhood Residents for Jobs in Neighborhood Health Centers. The following programs are included: (1) Manpower Development and Training Act, (2) New Careers, (3) Vocational and Technical Education, (4) Work Incentive (WIN), (5) Neighborhood Youth Corps, (6) Demonstration Projects, and (7) Veterans Administration Training Assistance. Information about each program includes nature and purpose, national and local contacts, and activity to date in relation to the training of neighborhood residents for jobs in neighborhood health centers. (JK)… [PDF]

Moran, James R. (2001). Prevention Principles for American Indian Communities. American Indians experience many problems related to alcohol misuse. However, there are prevention approaches that work to reduce risk of alcohol misuse among American Indians. With regard to the way prevention workers carry out their work in American Indian communities, programs must emerge from the community, prevention workers must demonstrate a commitment to the community, and non-community members need to develop cultural sensitivity. Developing cultural sensitivity involves first becoming aware of one's own cultural values and learning about differences relative to other cultures, and then spending time in a community. When negotiating program access with American Indian communities, it is important to demonstrate how the community will benefit from the program. Regarding prevention approaches that are most appropriate in American Indian communities, several principles emerge: using American Indians as staff whenever possible, and incorporating cultural concepts within the… [PDF]

Tienda, Marta (1983). Market Characteristics and Hispanic Earnings: A Comparison of Natives and Immigrants. Social Problems, v31 n1 p59-72 Oct. Highlights the complex relationship between earnings, nativity, and national origin among Hispanic men. States that human capital characteristics, notably education, work experience, and English language proficiency, significantly influence annual log earnings for all groups, but the patterns of effects depend on nativity and national origin. (Author/CMG)…

Blanchet, Natasha (1997). Portrait of Noeli: A Defender from La Guajira. Native Americas, v14 n3 p40-43 Fall. Profiles Noeli Pocaterra, a Venezuelan Wayuu woman, and her roles as community leader, activist in the struggle for indigenous rights, newly elected president of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, and University of Zulia faculty member. Discusses community work, international networking, her views on cultural and language maintenance, and her support of and involvement with indigenous college students. (SV)…

Thomas, R. Murray (2003). Can Money Undo the Past? A Canadian Example. Comparative Education, v39 n3 p331-43 Aug. In Canada, more than 9,000 lawsuits have been filed by American Indians and Inuits seeking reparations for the mistreatment Indigenous children suffered in residential schools operated by four religious groups and financed by the Canadian government. Although most suits allege "cultural damage" caused by schooling practices, little of the money spent and awarded in litigation will go toward maintaining or revitalizing plaintiffs' cultures. (Contains 22 references.) (Author/SV)…

Mbandaka, Honore Vinck (1995). The Influence of Colonial Ideology on Schoolbooks in the Belgian Congo. Paedagogica Historica, v31 n2 p355-405 Jun. An analysis of 50 textbooks used in the elementary schools of the former Belgian Congo reveals an overt attempt to propagate colonial ideology. Fundamental themes included the legitimacy of the colonization, denigration of the indigenous culture, and establishment of colonial authority. Three books, however, resisted this indoctrination and one openly criticized the colonial regime. (MJP)…