Hylton, John H., Ed. (1994). Aboriginal Self-Government in Canada: Current Trends and Issues. Purich's Aboriginal Issues Series. This book contains 13 chapters analyzing important practical issues that must be addressed as Aboriginal self-government becomes fully operational in Canada. These issues are related to social problems and policies, criminal justice, community services, education, employment and job training, finance, the land base of government, women's rights and concerns, and Metis political structures. Of particular educational interest are chapters examining Aboriginal education in Australia, four models applicable to development of Aboriginal postsecondary education, and an Aboriginal training and employment initiative in which decisions are made by community boards. Chapters are: "Aboriginal Peoples and Euro-Canadians: Two World Views" (Murray Sinclair); "The Case for Aboriginal Self-Government: A Social Policy Perspective" (John H. Hylton); "Aboriginal Self-Government: Implications of the Australian Experience" (John Ekstedt); "Community Healing and…

(1990). Literacy/Alphabetisation, Volume 13, Numbers 1-4. Literacy/Alphabetisation, v13 n1 Spr 1988 n2-3 Spr, Fall 1989 n4 Win. Volume 13 of the journal of the Movement for Canadian Literacy is presented. The volume consists of 4 issues containing articles on the following literacy education topics: (1) putting literacy on the Canadian public agenda; (2) efforts to animate learner participation; (3) building networks for literacy workers; (4) literacy research activity; (5) the needs assessment; (6) native Canadian languages and the promotion of adult literacy; (7) francophone and anglophone literacy in Canada; (8) first language literacy and multiculturalism; (9) discovering learning preferences; (10) extending writing competence for adult learners; and (11) development of good practice guidelines in literacy education. Accounts of literacy education programs across the provinces, news briefs, and notices of new resources appear in some issues. All articles in issues 2 through 4 are presented in both English and French; articles in issue 1 are in English only. (MSE)…

Allan, Rod; Hill, Bob (1995). Multicultural Education in Australia: Historical Development and Current Status. The historical development and current status of multicultural education in Australia are reviewed, without, however, focusing on the education of Aboriginal people. In Australia, the term multicultural education is generally understood to exclude Aborigines, a distinction in which Aboriginal educators concur as they assert the unique identity and claims of the Aboriginal populations. The discussion in this paper focuses on the educational response to the massive post-World War II immigration program and the responses to the wide range of ethnic groups contributing to Australian society in the 19th and 20th centuries. There have been three discernible responses to multicultural education in Australia: (1) a move from passive to active assimilation; (2) from immigrant education to multicultural education; and (3) recognition of the economic imperatives of education. Multicultural educational research has considered curriculum reform, antiracism, English as a Second Language, and…

James, Keith (2001). There Are Doorways in These Huts: An Empirical Study of Educational Programs, Native Canadian Student Needs, and Institutional Effectiveness in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada. Journal of American Indian Education, v40 n3 p24-35. A study examined characteristics of Native Canadian educational programming that might influence Native student success at 27 colleges and universities in British Columbia and Ontario. Presence or absence of an advisory board composed of Native community members, numbers of Native faculty members, and how well institutional systems fit with Native students' cultures and communities were significant predictors. (TD)…

McShane, M., Ed.; Walton, J., Ed. (1990). "Think Tank" on Research into Rural Education. Proceedings of the Conference Held by the Rural Education Research and Development Centre (Townsville, Queensland, Australia June 10-14, 1990). A conference was held to develop a plan of research into rural education in Australia and to form a consortium of rural education researchers. Part I of this proceedings contains an introductory paper, "Rural Education: The State of the Art" (Steve Clark), which analyzes research in rural education in Australia in recent decades with regard to four themes: schooling (teachers, students, school-community relationships, accommodation); technology; educational delivery (equal opportunity, curriculum, decentralization, service delivery, models); and the dichotomy between education in rural areas and rural education. Part II contains papers or summaries of papers on Australian rural research, criteria for prioritizing research, education of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, education and training needs of rural women and girls, applications of communications technology in education, symbiotic relationships between rural schools and their communities, education in rural… [PDF]

Garroutte, Eva Marie (1999). American Indian Science Education: The Second Step. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, v23 n4 p91-114. Examines differences in theoretical assumptions between mainstream science classrooms and American Indian traditional thought systems. Provides examples of culturally relevant science programs that overlook these differences, resulting in damage to traditional knowledge. Calls for culturally relevant programming that recognizes the legitimacy of American Indian models of inquiry into the natural world. Contains references. (LP)…

Burnaby, Barbara (1996). Aboriginal Language Maintenance, Development, and Enhancement: A Review of Literature. This paper offers a general review of literature relating to the maintenance, development, and enhancement of Aboriginal languages in North America, particularly Canada. Drawing primarily on sociolinguistics, several concepts about language usage and change are outlined that are useful for the purposes of thinking about language maintenance. Next, the current status of Aboriginal languages in Canada is considered through census figures and other broad data, national surveys of factors that influence language change and maintenance, scales of language vitality, and comparisons with recent immigrant language groups in North America. Finally, sources are examined that outline strategies for Aboriginal language maintenance. These include sources covering language values and support for endangered languages, general guidance on language retention and renewal, general policies and program provisions in schools, descriptions of specific bilingual and native language programs, teachers and… [PDF]

Cajete, Gregory A. (1999). The Native American Learner and Bicultural Science Education. Explanations of natural phenomena within a traditional Native American context are often at odds with Western scientific philosophy and what is taught in school science. Herein lies a very real conflict between two distinctly different worldviews: the mutualistic/holistic-oriented worldview of Native American cultures and the rationalistic/dualistic worldview of Western science that divides, analyzes, and objectifies. General tendencies in Native learning styles include a predominantly nonverbal orientation; tendency toward visual, spatial, and kinesthetic modes of learning; heavy reliance on visual perception and memory; preference for movement and activity while learning; and preference for process learning that moves from concrete examples to abstractions. In the typical school environment, free movement is significantly restricted and indirect intellectual learning, which emphasizes verbal, mathematical, and logical orientations, is the norm. The disparity between home and… [PDF]

Nair, P. R. Gopinathan, Ed.; Vaidyanathan, A., Ed. (2001). Elementary Education in Rural India: A Grassroots View. Strategies for Human Development in India, Volume 2. There are wide variations in educational attainment and literacy rates across the regions and social classes of India. A national project examined participation in and the quality of elementary education in nine states of India, focusing on rural areas and the situation of disadvantaged persons, especially girls and the scheduled castes and tribes. Data from the census and national surveys were complemented by household surveys conducted in 95 villages chosen to highlight contrasts in features of interest. The surveys covered family structure and socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes toward education for boys and girls, reasons for non-enrollment and dropout, household educational expenditures, proximity to and condition of school facilities, teacher characteristics, and state educational expenditures. The 10 chapters are: (1) "Introduction" (A. Vaidyanathan, P. R. Gopinathan Nair); (2) "Access to Primary Education: Rural Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh"…

Sarkar, Gerlinde; Stallard, Claire (1997). Do Equity Groups Have a Fair Chance in Our Education System?. The Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology (SIAST) conducted a trend analysis of students from four designated groups–Aboriginal, visible minorities, persons with disabilities, and women in predominantly male occupations. These students were compared to the overall student population on four success measures: access to educational opportunities; success rates in education as measured by completion/graduation rates; success rates in obtaining employment in the chosen field of study; and wage/salary ranges for the employed graduates. The study used data from these sources: annual Education Equity Monitoring Report that documents changes from year to year in terms of applications, enrollments, graduation, and leaver statistics for the four groups and annual Graduate Employment Survey from which the graduates of the four groups are extracted and their employment rates compared with overall graduates. Findings indicated the following: an increase in participation of… [PDF]

Sharp, Nancy (1994). Caknernarqutet Things That Struggle Me. Peabody Journal of Education, v69 n2 p6-11 Win. A personal narrative documents the struggle of an Alaska native teacher through her years in school and in the teaching profession. The article discusses the difficulties students face when they are native Yup'ik speakers but are taught in English; demonstrates how recent bilingual and Yup'ik programs have increased students' success rates. (SM)…

Cooke-Dallin, Bruce; Rosborough, Trish; Underwood, Louise (2000). The Role of Elders in Child and Youth Care Education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, v24 n2 p82-91. Some postsecondary programs in child and youth care for First Nations students in British Columbia are offered locally and employ elders as teachers because they understand their cultures and communities. The strengths found in the traditions of respect and intergenerational transmission of knowledge through elders are empowering to Native students and relevant to the field of child and youth care. (TD)…

Corbiere, Alan Ijiig (2000). Reconciling Epistemological Orientations: Toward a Wholistic Nishaabe (Ojibwe/Odawa/Potowatomi) Education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, v24 n2 p113-19. Native identity as conceived by Native people is not incorporated meaningfully into Ontario's rational, standardized curriculum. The omission of Native languages and understandings perpetuates the erroneous colonial notion of Native inferiority. First Nations education as sui generis should affirm the Native way of life through the use of Native story, land, identity, and language. (Contains 19 references.) (TD)…

Robust, Te Tuhi (2000). Backing into the Future: Motatau Bilingual School. Canadian Journal of Native Education, v24 n1 p14-29. Describes the struggles and triumphs of a Maori community in the Bay of Islands (New Zealand) as it took local control of its rural school and made it fully bilingual. A series of government reforms have made the Maori people responsible for administering the school with insufficient funds while the government maintains power over the curriculum and policies. (TD)…

Brown, Jordan; Grippo, Lois (1995). Nomads of the Wind. Nature. Teacher's Guide. This curriculum guide was developed for use with public television's Nature series. The materials in the guide are designed to help students actively participate in the study and experience of nature. Students are encouraged to view the programs as naturalists would, observing animals in their environment, noting their behavior, examining the factors that affect their condition, and drawing conclusions. Each lesson in the Teacher's Resource Guide includes: (1) a "Program Overview" that presents background information and brief synopses of the program to be viewed; (2) "Objectives" that provide the teacher with measurement goals; (3) "Before Viewing Activity" that familiarizes students with the subject and allows them to set purposes for viewing; (4) "Vocabulary" that features definitions of unfamiliar words used in each program; (5) "After Viewing the Program" that provides discussion questions to help students assess the main points… [PDF]

(2002). Racism's Frontier: The Untold Story of Discrimination and Division in Alaska. In response to an incident in which white teenagers shot Alaska Natives with frozen paintballs, the Alaska State Advisory Committee (SAC) to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights hosted a 2-day community forum in Anchorage. The forum solicited input about improving race relations from state, local, and federal officials, representatives of advocacy groups and community organizations, and Alaska residents, and focused on education, employment, and the administration of justice. The SAC also obtained input specifically from Alaska Natives in a day-long session at the annual Conference of the Alaska Federation of Natives. Civil rights issues unique to Alaska include an urban/rural divide, with residents of remote rural villages (predominantly Native Alaskans) often receiving inferior state and federal services, if any at all; rural subsistence lifestyles based on access to natural resources; and local control of natural resources through tribal self-governance. A chapter on educational… [PDF]

Aikenhead, Glen S. (1997). Toward a First Nations Cross-Cultural Science and Technology Curriculum. Science Education, v81 n2 p217-38 Apr. Explores First Nations (Native American) science education from a cultural perspective. Recognizes science as a subculture and contrasts scientific and Aboriginal ideas about science. Provides a description of the rationale and a series of steps toward a cross-cultural education. Contains 125 references. (DDR)…

Zepeda, Ofelia (1995). The Continuum of Literacy in American Indian Communities. Bilingual Research Journal, v19 n1 p5-15 Win. Describes the O'odham language and oral tradition of the Tohono O'odham Indians of southern Arizona, relating it to the development of O'odham children's English literacy. Oral tradition and school literacy constitute opposite ends of a literacy continuum, in which English literacy is often isolated from and in conflict with O'odham literacy. (10 references) (MDM)…

Bigman, Dorothy; Dee, Howard; Monhardt, Rebecca M.; Spotted-Elk, Navitt; Valentine, Darlene (2002). It's about People: A Successful School/University Partnership. Winds of Change, v17 n1 p14-17 Win. Utah State University and a rural elementary school attended by Navajos cooperated on a science education program for grades 4-6. The program used take-home science kits; field trips; parental input; and Navajo staff, language, and culture to make the program culturally relevant. University students in science teacher education programs helped students and learned valuable lessons about multicultural education. (TD)…

Esteva, Gustavo; Teran, Gustavo A. (2000). Education, Ecology and Culture: Stories from the Margins. Progressive Perspectives, v3 n1 Fall. Visits to rural indigenous communities in Oaxaca (Mexico) exposed Vermont teachers and university students to cultures that recognize the interconnectedness of life and caused them to reflect on how different cultural patterns promote or hinder ecologically sustainable living. The communities' efforts to incorporate their culture and language into school curricula are discussed. (Contains 12 references.) (TD)…

Stanley, John (1995). Aboriginal Language Standardisation Project. Progress Report. This report provides an update on Ontario's Aboriginal Language Standardization Project at the 2-year mark. The project was designed to ensure the revitalization of Ontario's native aboriginal languages and to meet the needs of aboriginal populations in doing so. An introductory section recounts the project's origins. Subsequent sections address the following topics: the number of aboriginal languages in Ontario, and literacy status within each; language standardization and dialects; the standardization and codification objectives of the original project; the nature and status of aboriginal language literacy initiatives; the roles of Ontario government ministries in promoting aboriginal language maintenance; and the role and participation of the aboriginal peoples in this effort. Appended materials include information on the aboriginal languages and their distribution in Ontario, and listings of school-based and other aboriginal language and literacy programs in which the languages… [PDF]

Wolfson, Gloria (1992). Towards Cross Cultural Sensitivity in the Human Services. Instructor Edition. UCFV Press Instructional Series. This instructor's manual provides an overview of educating human-services workers in British Columbia (Canada) in order to change and understand racism. In addition to exercises that can be used with classes to promote examination of beliefs and values, brief histories of racism in British Columbia and the experiences of specific racial or ethnic groups are traced. British Columbia is a microcosm of intense and controversial racial and cultural interactions. Several models of cross-cultural social work are explored, so that students can understand what cross-cultural work with people should entail. Ten case studies are presented to get students to think about the issues involved. Effective cross-cultural teaching calls for a critical approach that must begin with the learners and their world views. The structure of this manual parallels that of the student edition, with the following sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Journeys of Discovery: Teaching Cross Cultural Social Work Practice;… [PDF]

(1995). Alberta Children and Youth: Trends and Issues, 1995. Education is part of a complex and dynamic system in which family, social, economic, and other factors have a tremendous influence on students. This environmental scanning report for Alberta, Canada is intended to draw attention to societal trends and issues that may be relevant to educators and to disseminate information that will support educational planning and decision making. The report is organized into three sections. Section 1, "Demographic Profile," covers: (1) population characteristics; (2) youth mobility; (3) fertility/mortality; and (4) aboriginal children. Section 2, "Childhood," discusses: (1) children and families; (2) child care; and (3) children at risk. The third, and final, section, "Adolescence," reports on: (1) values, attitudes and issues; (2) time use patterns; (3) labor force participation; (4) sexual activity; (5) youth crime; (6) substance abuse; and (7) transition to adulthood. Highlights of the findings reported include the… [PDF]

(1993). Native Peoples. A Guide to Reference Sources. This guide from McGill University (Quebec, Canada) emphasizes sources for ethnological research and includes materials reflecting concerns of social anthropology and historical approaches to the study of native peoples. Some government documents and map collections are included. Sources are arranged in the following categories: (1) handbooks and encyclopedias, 9 sources; (2) directories, 7 sources; (3) maps and atlases, 3 sources; (4) biography, 4 sources; (5) statistics, 7 sources; (6) current bibliography and periodical indexes, 6 sources; (7) retrospective bibliography, 102 sources; (8) manuscripts and archives, 7 sources; (9) theses, 6 sources; and (10) periodical lists, 4 sources. The retrospective bibliography section is comprised of items concerning catalogs of major library collections, general (North America and Canada), regional (Atlantic, Eastern/Central, Western, and Northern), and special subjects (arts and folklore, literature, education, government relations and…

Benyk, Pearl, Ed. (1986). Pangnirtung: A Community Study. This booklet provides reference materials for teachers of social studies in the Northwest Territories (Canada). The information was gathered during workshops attended by elders, community representatives, and teachers from the region. A geography section describes the location of Pangnirtung on Baffin Island and the geology, climate, vegetation, and wildlife of the region. History sections discuss the first prehistoric settlers in the region (Dorset and Thule peoples); possible contact with the Vikings; arrival of Europeans; establishment of whaling stations; contact with traders, missionaries, and explorers; establishment of a Hudson's Bay Company post in 1921; arrival of some federal government services in 1923; education, provided first by the Anglican mission and, after 1955, by the federal government; and periodic migrations between hunting/fishing camps and Pangnirtung. The section on the modern community discusses population, municipal government and services, education and…

Mahapatra, B. P.; McConnell, Grant D. (1990). The Written Languages of India. Proceedings of the Indo-Canadian Round Table (New Delhi, India, March 7-8, 1988). Publication B-174. Papers from the conference include the following: opening remarks (Lorne Laforge and William F. Mackey); a position paper on the written language of the world (Grant D. McConnell); "An Overview of the Practical and Theoretical Implications of the 'Written Languages of India' Survey Regarding Language and National Development Strategies" (Grant D. McConnell); "Parameters of Language Inequality" (B. P. Mahapatra); "Standardization of Languages–The Case of India" (S. S. Bhattacharya); "Official and Minority Languages in Canada and India: Their Status, Functions and Prestige" (William F. Mackey); "The Concept of Working Language" (Jean-Denis Gendron); "Language Teaching and Language Planning" (Lorne Laforge); "Remarks on Survey Goals and Data Authenticity Validity" (R. C. Nigam);"The Hindi Language in Hindi and Non-Hindi Regions of India" (S. P. Srivastava); "Literacy Trend vs. Literary Development… [PDF]

Gordon, Ira J.; And Others (1969). Reaching the Child through Parent Education: The Florida Approach. Activities of the Institute for Development of Human Resources provide the information contained in this document. This first large-scale project of the institute was in parent education of disadvantaged mothers in the north central Florida area. The purpose of the project was to investigate a way in which early intervention into the lives of babies might break the poverty cycle, the intervention technique being the use of disadvantaged women in teaching mothers how to stimulate their infants. As a result of this project, the institute became one of the program sponsors for the Follow Through Program, which reflects the synthesis of strong institute interests–parent education, cognitive and language development, and systematic observation. The 11 papers of which this document is comprised represent individual studies resulting from either the original project or from the Follow Through Program. The chief topics of discussion are: The Disadvantaged Infant; and The Parent Educator as… [PDF]

Hamilton, William (1927). Work of the Bureau of Education for the Natives of Alaska. Bulletin, 1927, No. 6. Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior Through its Alaska division, the United State Bureau of Education is developing and educating an aboriginal population of different races dwelling in widely varying regions and climates, many of whom require assistance in adjusting themselves to the new conditions with which civilization has confronted them. The problem involves both educating children and the uplifting of entire communities. The work includes the maintenance of schools, hospitals, and orphanages; the relief of destitution; the fostering of trade; the organization of cooperative business enterprises; the establishment of colonies; and the supervision of the reindeer industry. This bulletin describes transportation changes that have facilitated access for people and goods; the level of involvement of teachers in supplementing health care provided by the Bureau, developing industrial education programs, extension of medical services to more communities, the status of the reindeer industry, and the impact of the Bureau… [PDF]

Eaton, Richard M. (1997). Comparative History as World History: Religious Conversion in Modern India. Journal of World History, v8 n2 p243-71 Fall. Explores the reasons for the extraordinary conversion to Christianity among the Naga peoples of northeastern India. Almost the entire population has converted within the last 100 years. Tests the usefulness of models of religious change generated from fieldwork on conversion in Africa, specifically Robin Horton's "intellectualist" theory. (MJP)…

Almeida, Deirdre A. (1993). Introduction to Campus Tensions in Massachusetts. Equity and Excellence, v26 n1 p6-18 Apr. Presents findings of a meeting, sponsored by the Massachusetts Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, on racial tension and religious intimidation on Massachusetts campuses. Student representatives of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Smith College at Northampton (Massachusetts) describe experiences and provides insight and recommendations. (SLD)…