Downing, John (1978). Strategies of Bilingual Teaching. International Review of Education, v24 n3 p329-46. Using studies from many countries, the author reviews the advantages and disadvantages of three designs for bilingual instruction: delivery in the second language, initial instruction in the mother tongue, and mixed delivery in both languages. Cognitive development and students' attitudes toward their native language are considered. (SJL)…

Yabar-Dextre, Pompeyo (1978). On the Problem of Choosing the Language of Instruction in a Multi-Lingual Setting–The Situation in Peru. International Review of Education, v24 n3 p406-09. After considering the linguistic, social, pedagogical and administrative rationale for using Spanish or native languages, particularly Quechua, as the educational medium, the author proposes a national system of bilingual schooling to be conducted in Spanish above the primary levels, but with continued native language course offerings. (SJL)…

Fern, Veronica (1995). Oyster School Stands the Test of Time. Bilingual Research Journal, v19 n3-4 p497-512 Sum-Fall. Describes Oyster Elementary School's award-winning two-way bilingual (Spanish-English) program. The school's success has been maintained by strong parent and community support, high academic standards, and ongoing professional development efforts. However, cultural, generational, and socioeconomic differences among staff, students, and parents have caused philosophical conflict in the school community. Decreasing funds is also a problem. (SV)…

Medina, Suzanne L. (1995). K-6 Bilingual Programs in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Bilingual Research Journal, v19 n3-4 p629-40 Sum-Fall. A large urban California elementary school provides approximately 900 limited-English-proficient students with 3 bilingual programs: full and modified bilingual programs offering varying amounts of content instruction in the native language or sheltered English, and the "English language development" program which uses sheltered English and ESL methods. A new innovation is the bilingual ungraded K-4 classroom. (SV)…

Cashion, Marie; Eagan, Ruth (1990). Spontaneous Reading and Writing in English by Students in Total French Immersion: Summary of Final Report. English Quarterly, v22 n1-2 p30-44. Analyzes the processes and strategies used by English-speaking children when they learn to read and write in their first language, English, while enrolled in total French Immersion (in which all their schooling is in the second language). (KEH)…

Austin, Theresa; Fraser-Abder, Pamela (1995). Mentoring Mathematics and Science Preservice Teachers for Urban Bilingual Classrooms. Education and Urban Society, v28 n1 p67-89 Nov. Focuses on the mentoring of beginning (preservice) mathematics and science teachers in classrooms with large populations of bilingual students or students for whom English is a second language. Mentors can play a crucial role in preparing preservice teachers to instruct language minority students. (SLD)…

Gersten, Russell; And Others (1994). Effective Instruction for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students: A Reconceptualization. Focus on Exceptional Children, v27 n1 p1-16 Sep. This article discusses instructional strategies likely to be effective with culturally and linguistically diverse students regardless of placement. It addresses assessment and misclassification; overreferral or underreferral; differing approaches to second language instruction; and the importance of transfer between languages, opportunities for natural language use, and bridging with families. (DB)…

Mohnsen, Bonnie; Thompson, Carolyn (1995). Physical Education: Teaching Biomechanics through Interactive Laserdiscs. Computing Teacher, v22 n4 p30-32 Dec-Jan 1994-95. Describes the development of a bilingual, interactive computer program to assist high school students to learn and apply the biomechanical principles of movement. The program, using laserdisc video examples, covers 13 biomechanical topics and is accompanied by complete lesson plans that encourage students to analyze their own movements. (KRN)…

Diaz, Rafael M.; And Others (1991). The Effects of Bilingualism on Preschoolers' Private Speech. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, v6 n3 p377-95 Sep. Spanish-speaking preschoolers learning English in a bilingual preschool program were videotaped while working independently on tasks to examine their spontaneous private speech. Results show that the private speech of bilingual preschoolers appears to develop normally. Positive effects of second-language learning in a bilingual program on the frequency of private speech and diversity of use were found. (GLR)…

Allen, W. B. (1993). Response to a "White Discourse on White Racism.". Educational Researcher, v22 n8 p11-13 Nov. Responds to "Toward a White Discourse on White Racism" (James Joseph Scheurich; 1993). Rather than a discourse, America needs to transcend the discourse on race. The Commission on Civil Rights continues to explore racial harmony, but it is apparent that we have led young people to believe that their differences are more meaningful than what they have in common. (SLD)…

Nelson, Keith E. (1998). Toward a Differentiated Account of Facilitators of Literacy Development and ASL in Deaf Children. Topics in Language Disorders, v18 n4 p73-88 Aug. This commentary reviews the articles in this theme issue and analyzes American Sign Language (ASL) bilingual approaches to supporting children with deafness in acquiring English text skills. Also discussed are theoretical explanations for how bilingual contexts may contribute to progress in English literacy and spoken English. Issues for the future are addressed. (Author/LC)…

Feinberg, Rosa Castro (1999). Administration of Two-Way Bilingual Elementary Schools: Building on Strength. Bilingual Research Journal, v23 n1 p47-68 Win. Generic school administration training is insufficient to prepare principals of two-way bilingual schools. Interviews with 14 administrators of two-way bilingual schools in Miami and Washington (DC) identified skills they considered essential for management of two-way bilingual schools, including strategies to increase internal unity, ensure resource acquisition, and adapt to the external environment. (Contains 33 references.) (TD)…

Fouzder, Nani B.; Markwick, Andrew J. W. (2000). Self-Perception, Individual Learning Style and Academic Achievement by a Pair of Bilingual Twins in a Secondary School. International Journal of Science Education, v22 n6 p583-601 Jun. Describes the affective factors involved in the academic progress and achievement of newly-arrived bilingual twins in a secondary school in London. Finds that different personality traits and self-perceptions resulted in the development of their divergent personal learning styles, and that task interest, appropriate learning strategies, and supportive situations improved the twins' motivation and learning styles. (Contains 29 references.) (Author/WRM)…

Toohey, Kelleen (1998). \Breaking Them Up, Taking Them Away\: ESL Students in Grade 1. TESOL Quarterly, v32 n1 p61-84 Spr. Describes a longitudinal ethnographic research in a grade one classroom with second-language (L2) learners and Anglophones. Using a community-of-practice perspective, three classroom practices are delineated that served to differentiate participants and contribute to community stratification in which some learners were defined as deficient. The need for L2 educators to make groups more inclusive is emphasized. (Author/JL)…

Perrotta, Blanche (1994). Writing Development and Second Language Acquisition in Young Children. Childhood Education, v70 n4 p237-41 Sum. Describes children's writing development, examines several general findings from recent research, and provides some examples of how these findings affect classroom practice for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) bilingual programs. Emphasizes the use and acquisition of writing as a means of facilitating the development of a second language. (MDM)…

Girling, Rick (1991). Rebuilding the Framework: A Critical Review of the California State Social Studies Framework. Social Studies Review, v30 n2 p35-40 Win. Evaluates the California History Social Science Framework from the perspective of a world civilizations social studies teacher. Criticizes the coverage expected and the Framework's implicit racism. Develops an approach to teaching world history and includes questions to be examined, challenging racist interpretations, limited perspectives, and stereotypical views of non-Western civilizations. (NL)…

Fruchter, Norm (1992). Bring Together the Movements for Restructuring and Diversity. Social Policy, v22 n3 p40-42 Win. If those who work for school restructuring and those who advocate more diverse curricula could unite their constituencies, they would be a significant force. Politically, these two groups often work far too separately. Both curriculum and teaching must be revised to reflect the nation's pluralist national experience. (SLD)…

Porter, Priscilla H., Ed. (1994). Multiculturalism versus Unity and Commonality. Teacher's Resources. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v6 n3 p23-25 Jan-Feb. Asserts that social studies is a natural medium for teaching cross-cultural understanding and making education more meaningful for students from different ethnic, social, or cultural backgrounds. Presents a bibliographical essay including recommended teacher and student resources on issues related to multiculturalism and national unity. (CFR)…

Fine, Michelle (1993). A Parent Involvement. Equity and Choice, v9 n3 p4-8 Spr. Parents are being invited to step in to help improve public education, but they enter with neither resources nor power. Real parental involvement requires commitment to organizing parents and restructuring schools, as well as inventing rich versions of diverse educational democracies of difference. Schools must function like meaningful communities. (SLD)…

Chi, Marilyn Mei-Ying (1993). Asserting Asian-American Children's Self and Cultural Identity through Asian-American Children's Literature. Social Studies Review, v32 n2 p50-55 Win. Contends that properly selected children's literature can help foster cultural awareness and self-concept. Suggests that using fiction about the experiences of Asian and Asian-American children can help students with issues of acculturation. Recommends six novels and other resources for implementing this strategy. (CFR)…

Cornbleth, Catherine; Waugh, Dexter (1993). The Great Speckled Bird: Education Policy-in-the-Making. Educational Researcher, v22 n7 p31-37 Oct. Illustrates the importance of studying educational policy in the making with instances of multicultural history-social studies curriculum policymaking in California and New York in the context of movements for national standards and assessments and possibly a national curriculum. Attempts by neo-nativists to influence policymaking are discussed. (SLD)…

Bushman, James (1993). Teaching about Religions in World History Courses. Social Studies, v84 n6 p249-55 Nov-Dec. Describes the significance of religion in India to illustrate the importance of religious beliefs as major determinants of human behavior throughout world history. Contends that the world history course provides many opportunities to help students learn about religions and religious beliefs. (CFR)…

Franklin, Mary R.; And Others (1993). Beyond Feathers and Tomahawk: Lessons from Literature. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v6 n2 p13-17 Nov-Dec. Asserts that stereotypes about Native Americans may override more accurate information presented by teachers or found in textbooks. Recommends the use of children's literature to achieve recognized social studies goals. Includes a lesson plan with three tables, teaching instructions, and suggested children's literature. (CFR)…

Arries, Jonathan F. (1994). Decoding the Social Studies Production of Chicano History. Equity and Excellence in Education, v27 n1 p37-44 Apr. Analyzes in two fifth-grade social studies textbooks, the production of three "foundation myths" relating to Chicanos in American history: (1) Texas independence and the Alamo, (2) the Mexican War, and (3) the 20-century struggle for civil rights. How these contribute to cultural degradation is discussed. (SLD)…

MacGregor, Mollie (1993). Teaching Mathematics in English to Students of Non-English-Speaking Background. Multicultural Teaching to Combat Racism in School and Community, v11 n3 p31-34 Sum. Outlines main issues of concern in teaching and learning mathematics in Australia's multilingual classrooms. The main barrier to success in mathematics is lack of proficiency in English. Classroom strategies are suggested for language development in mathematics. Acquiring adequate proficiency in English can be achieved without sacrificing the child's native language. (SLD)…

Le-Doux, Cora; Montalvo, Frank F. (1999). Multicultural Content in Social Work Graduate Programs: A National Survey. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, v7 n1-2 p37-55. A national survey of 45 faculty and 75 deans and directors of graduate-level multicultural social work programs found that there was heavy reliance on traditional teaching methods; an increasing number of groups and topics were being covered; coursework was poorly linked to field practicum experience; and teacher attitudes were associated with ethnic and racial background. Contains 80 references. (TD)…

Gauthier, Erin K.; Reynolds, Doug (1999). Working Together To Prevent Violence. School Business Affairs, v65 n6 p6-7,9-11 Jun. By cooperating with other district staff, law enforcement, fire and rescue personnel, and social services, educators can prevail over school violence. First steps are developing a well-trained team, an effective crisis-response plan, and an alternative site to accommodate students. Guidelines and Web sites are provided. (MLH)…

Rodriquez, Daniel (1998). Seeking Common Ground. In-Service. American School Board Journal, v185 n1 p38-39 Jan. The former superintendent of the Piscataway (New Jersey) Township Schools describes the hows and whys of diversity workshops for school-district employees. (LMI)…

Nishimura, Nancy J. (1995). Addressing the Needs of Biracial Children: An Issue for Counselors in a Multicultural School Environment. School Counselor, v43 n1 p52-57 Sep. Focuses on the school counseling concerns of biracial children and the use of developmental school counseling programs as a means of promoting positive self-awareness in biracial students. Views developmental counseling programs as a viable vehicle for promoting awareness of and respect for the many factors that differentiate one person from another. (KW)…

Martin, Rebecca R. (1994). Changing the University Climate: Three Libraries Respond to Multicultural Students. Journal of Academic Librarianship, v20 n1 p2-9 Mar. Discusses the needs of multicultural students and examines the responses of three academic libraries in addressing those needs by developing support services. Examples of programs in library instruction, reference service, collection development, and academic program support are included; setting priorities is discussed; and the potential role of academic libraries is considered. (Contains 29 references.) (LRW)…