(1968). "We've Promises to Keep…" Toward Equal Opportunity. This pamphlet notes the commitment of the National Education Association (NEA) to human rights and equal opportunity. Briefly presented are several programs and activities of NEA in these areas. A bibliography of relevant NEA publications is included. (NH)… [PDF]

Genesee, R.; And Others (1976). An Experiment in Trilingual Education. Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 2, 115-128, Jan 76. Presents the findings of an evaluation of a double immersion program in Hebrew and French undertaken by two English-speaking Hebrew day schools. (Author/RM)…

Valverde, Leonard A. (1978). Instructional Leadership for Bicultural Programs: Role Responsibilities and Relationships. Education and Urban Society, 10, 3, 337-46, May 78. The roles of the school principal and the district program director in bicultural instructional programs are examined in this paper. The major responsibilities associated with both positions are defined. The role relationships between the two positions and between each position and the instructional staff are delineated. (Author/GC)…

(1978). Good Ideas. NJEA Review, 51, 8, 31-3, Apr 78. Presents six short articles on how to develop students' creative skills, reading and vocal communication, and on preparation for the job market. (RK)…

Bruck, Margaret (1978). The Suitability of Early French Immersion Programs for the Language Disabled Child. Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 5, 884-7, May 78. A discussion of a project in Quebec in which language disabled children are not switched out of immersion programs but are provided with remedial instruction within these programs. The students develop facility in their first language, learn basic skills, exhibit no exceptional behavioral problems and acquire competency in French. (AMH)…

Trites, Ronald (1978). Learning Disabilities in Immersion. Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 5, 888-9, May 78. Two questions are addressed: (1) Should immersion programs be offered to all children, and (2) should the child who is experiencing difficulties in immersion be switched to the regular English program? It is felt that there is no definite answer to the first question at present and that the answer to the second is \yes.\ (AMH)…

McGillivray, W. R. (1978). The French Immersion Centre. Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 5, 895-7, May 78. A brief discussion of the history, organization, program, advantages and effectiveness of immersion centers, schools offering only the immersion program, in Canada. Some of the small amount of existing research is reviewed. Although there are no definitive conclusions, it is suggested that such centers may offer a better educational program than other types of immersion. (AMH)…

Godbout, Ghislaine (1978). Experience dans une classe d'accueil de la CECM (An Experience in a 'Welcome Class' of the CECM). Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 5, 906-7, May 78. These total immersion classes have been offered to immigrants since 1969. The linguistic, psychological and pedagogical objectives, the division into three sections to meet all needs, and the instructional organization and methodology are outlined. (Text is in French.) (AMH)…

Purbhoo, Mary; Shapson, Stan (1977). A Transition Program for Italian Children. Canadian Modern Language Review, 33, 4, 486-496, Mar 77. A pilot bilingual project was set up for children of Italian immigrants. Before entering first grade, the children attend junior and senior kindergarten classes with children of similar linguistic and cultural background. The classes are designed to make the children's adjustment to school more comfortable and to facilitate parent involvement. (CFM)…

Laosa, Luis M. (1977). Multicultural Education–How Psychology Can Contribute. Journal of Teacher Education, 28, 3, 26-30, May-Jun 77. Children's learning preferences sometimes appear to be unique and specific to their cultural groups. (MM)…

Rist, Marilee C. (1987). This Immigrant Wave Will Test Your Schools as Never Before. Executive Educator, v9 n1 p14-17 Jan. About 2.5 million immigrant students in US schools between the ages of 5 and 14 have limited English proficiency. Ways of meeting these students' educational and social needs are outlined with examples from schools having successful special programs. The importance of being flexible and looking for alternatives as well as identifying the student's individual educational needs are stressed. (MD)…

Chattergy, Virgie (1983). Beyond the Language Needs of Children from Minority Cultures. Educational Perspectives, v22 n2 p26-28 Sum. The problems of cultural discontinuity are discussed, showing that it is the lack of understanding of acceptable conventions in day-to-day classroom interactions that cause great difficulty. This is a factor of considerable significance because it results in a form of handicap for the uninitiated student. (JN)…

Bruck, M.; McDougall, A. (1976). English Reading within the French Immersion Program: A Comparison of the Effects of the Introduction of English Reading at Different Grade Levels. Language Learning, 26, 1, 37-43, Jun 76. A study of the French immersion program in Quebec, in which English reading is introduced in some schools at Grade 2 and in some at Grade 3. The stage at which English reading was first taught was found not to affect reading grade level. (Author/RM)…

Mahshie, Shawn Neal (1997). A First Language: Whose Choice Is It? Sharing Ideas. This paper examines issues that affect decisions about providing language for a deaf or hard of hearing child. It considers what has been learned where parent-infant support and early educational placements are characterized by efforts to expose deaf children, of both deaf and hearing parents, to whole language/s that children find accessible for face-to-face interaction. Also discussed is what has been learned from interviewing and observing parents, teachers, researchers, and deaf students in settings in Sweden and Denmark where efforts in this direction have resulted in graduates whose achievement and literacy levels are on par with their hearing peers. In these countries, it is the child's predisposition toward a more oral or more visual language that determines the choice of a first language. Topics discussed include different paths to bilingualism; emphasis on the whole child; observing the child's behavior in natural communicative settings; cognitive academic language… [PDF]

Diaz, Rafael M.; Espinosa, Linda; Winsler, Adam (1997). Learning a Second Language Does Not Mean Losing the First: A Replication and Follow-up of Bilingual Language Development in Spanish-Speaking Children Attending Bilingual Preschool. A study of bilingual development in preschool children had two components: (1) a followup of a previous study in which the English and Spanish language development of children in a high-quality bilingual preschool remained stable over time, and (2) a replication of the study with a different cohort. The original study found that native Spanish-speaking children in a bilingual preschool program and children not in the program had improved English and Spanish skills after one year, but the bilingual program participants had especially large gains in English. Followup showed that both groups continued significant gains in both languages during a second year, with the bilingual program children continuing to make larger gains in English. The replication sample was a similar number of children from the same community, similarly divided into bilingual program and control groups. Similar results emerged from this study. It is concluded that participation in a high-quality bilingual… [PDF]

Marsh, George E., II.; Tapia, Martha (2000). Attitudes toward Mathematics Instrument: An Investigation with Middle School Students. The purposes of this study were to: (1) develop a measure of students' attitudes toward mathematics, the Attitudes Toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI); and (2) find the underlying dimensions of the inventory by testing 262 middle school students at a bilingual college preparatory school. Data were collected from intact 7th and 8th grade mathematics classes. The inventory has 49 items. Students were asked to indicate their degree of agreement with each statement using a Likert-type scale from one to five (strongly disagree to strongly agree). After excluding the nine weakest items, the reliability coefficient alpha was .95. A maximum likelihood factor analysis with a varimax rotation gave three factors: self-confidence; enjoyment of mathematics; and value of mathematics. The reliability coefficients alpha for the scores of the subscales were .94, .92, and .84, respectively. The Psychometric properties were sound, and the Attitudes toward Mathematics Inventory can be recommended for… [PDF]

(1998). Developing the Young Bilingual Learner. [Videotape]. Today, many children enter early childhood programs with home languages other than English. This videotape explores the importance of supporting children's home language, while helping them learn English, and gives strategies for helping children become bilingual learners. The 21-minute video provides a rationale for developing both languages, focusing on the impact of young children losing proficiency in their home language for family relationships. The optimal time for introducing English to young children is described as a parental decision. The video presents several strategies for helping children become bilingual learners, including using a content-based curriculum, developing close parent-school relationships, and having the home language present in the school through parents or volunteers. (KB)…

Russell, Lois (1972). Second Languages in New Brunswick: 1972 Edition. Canadian Modern Language Review, 28, 3, 14-19, Mar 72. …

Genesee, Fred (1978). A Longitudinal Evaluation of an Early Immersion School Program. Canadian Journal of Education, v3 n4 p31-50. English-speaking pupils, who had participated since kindergarten in a French immersion program, were compared to French-speaking students and to English-speakers in a regular elementary program which included French instruction. Standardized tests in French, English, and mathematics showed achievement patterns consistent with those reported in similar investigations. (SJL)…

Edwards, Henry P.; Mes-Prat, Margaret (1981). Elementary French Immersion Children's Use of Orthographic Structure for Reading. Canadian Modern Language Review, v37 n4 p682-93 May. Describes a reading experiment with two groups of English speaking children attending French immersion programs. The two groups, from grades 3 and 6 respectively, were tested in both English and French for their ability to recognize spelling patterns and to make positive transfers from one language to the other. (MES)…

Wagman, Anita (1981). Language Experiences in Bilingualism. Childhood Education, v58 n1 p14-19 Sep-Oct. Discusses the growing recognition of international and social priorities concerning bilingual competency, the relevance of these priorities for child development, and research findings comparing the verbal and nonverbal skills of monolingual and bilingual children. The implications of the research for preschool and elementary curricula in the United States are discussed. (Author/DB)…

Steindl, Michael (1979). Entwicklung bilingualer Materialien fuer den Fachunterricht mit Auslaenderkindern (Developing Bilingual Materials for Teaching Foreign Children). Zielsprache Deutsch, n4 p2-10. Describes three systems for teaching foreign children German along with their native language. Concludes that teaching various subjects in the foreign language aids in learning the language. Discusses the use of films, cassettes, etc. in a bilingual teaching approach to natural sciences, mathematics, and other subjects. (IFS/WGA)…

Katcher, Sylvia (1980). Why Not English as a First Language?. Clearing House, v54 n3 p120-23 Nov. This article reviews some of the issues in the debate over bilingual instruction for Spanish speaking students. It presents statements by educators and foreign-born students and notes the impact of the immigrant parents' attitudes toward English on the child's use of it. (SJL)…

Derrick, William (1978). An Early Language Immersion Model in a Demonstration School. ADFL Bulletin, v10 n1 p34-36 Sep. This article emphasizes the value of immersion programs and describes some immersion programs in the United States and Canada. (CFM)…

Hopkins, Adam (1978). Beware, Welsh War Zone. Times Educational Supplement (London), N3309 p8 Dec 1. To promote bilingualism, the education authority of Gwynedd, in northwestern Wales, is seeking to increase the amount of compulsory Welsh instruction. Their gradualistic approach has angered both Welsh nationalists, who want fully Welsh schooling, and English-speaking parents who do not want additional school time spent on Welsh. (SJL)…

Birlem, Ellen Davis; Wiesendanger, Katherine Davis (1979). Adapting Language Experience to Reading for Bilingual Pupils. Reading Teacher, v32 n6 p671-73 Mar. Describes language experience activities which tie concepts, vocabulary, sentence structure, and beginning reading skills together and which are appropriate for the bilingual child. (MKM)…

La Belle, Thomas J.; And Others (1979). Context-Based Educational Evaluation: A Participant Research Strategy. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, V1 n3 p85-94 May-Jun. Using examples from an evaluation design of a bilingual preschool program, the authors have developed a paradigm resting on contextually based evaluation and involving implementation strategies and participant researchers. Multiple methods of gathering environment-specific data are used in the process. (MH)…

Barrutia, Richard (1979). Some New Roles for Study Abroad in American Education. ADFL Bulletin, v11 n2 p15-18 Nov. Makes some recommendations for the establishment and certification of study abroad programs, and discusses study abroad requirements for future language and area studies teachers. (AM)…

Hill-Burnett, Jacquetta (1976). Paradoxes and Dilemmas. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 7, 4, 37-8, Nov 76. Asserts that clarity about the concept of culture and about the role of cultural competence in the conduct of social interactions are not the key components in the establishment and continuity of multicultural programs in or in connection with school settings. Rather the central factor is the distribution of power to judge competence. (Author/JM)…

Willis, Meredith Sue (1976). Spin-Offs: The Fotonovela and the Marriage of Narrative and Art. Teachers and Writers Collaborative, 8, 1, 43-51, F 76. Describes how comic strip development stimulated an elementary bilingual classroom. Shows results of four girls' fotonovela. (HOD)…