(1986). Building the Social Movement. Papers from an Invitational Seminar (Montreal, Canada, June 4-6, 1986). Thirty leaders from six Canadian social movements were invited to participate in an invitational seminar that was designed to explore strategies for building stronger collaboration among social movements in the Canadian community. This collection contains the following papers from that seminar: "Building the Social Movement: An Introduction," by Anne Ironside; "Building the Social Movement: An Overview," by Ron Farris; "Why Women Must Take Control of Their Own Learning," by Joan Brown-Hicks and Lisa Avedon; "Defogging the Economy," by James Laxer; "Learning and Culture," by John Macfarlane; "Recreating a Partnership between the Adult Education and Co-operative Movements," by Ian MacPherson; "Environmental Citizenship," by Bea Olivastri; "Adult Learning and the Peace Movement," by Murray Thomson; "Adult Literacy and the Literacy Movement," by Cathy Wright; "Impressions of the Seminar,"…

Didsbury, Howard F., Jr., Ed. (1984). Creating a Global Agenda: Assessments, Solutions, and Action Plans. Designed for educational policymakers and researchers, this volume on global issues is divided into four sections. The four essays in the first section, "Reducing the Nuclear Peril," offer a brief documentary survey and then present practical suggestions and action plans to reduce the nuclear threat. The eight papers in the second section, "Elements of a Peaceful World," cover such topics as population and human needs, economic policies for the future, the role of private agriculture in less developed countries, a case study of Latin America, the U.S. Academy of Peace, and the World Federalist movement. The third section, "Responses to Technological Change," covers a wide variety of issues including capitalism in the Information Age, the future of the humanities, technological change and employment policy, lifestyle changes, and informatics-based mass education. The fourth section, "Early Warning Signals," contains two papers concerning…

RODGERS, FREDERICK THE TEACHER CORPS PROJECT AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. THE TEACHER CORPS PROJECT AT NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PREPARES FORMER PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS FOR TEACHING IN DISADVANTAGED SCHOOLS. A PROGRAM CANDIDATE MUST HAVE A BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN EITHER MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, LANGUAGE ARTS OR SOCIAL STUDIES. THE PROGRAM HAS THREE PHASES (1) PRE-SERVICE (INTERNS WORK IN THE MORNING WITH LOCAL AGENCIES IN COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES AND WITH EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES SPONSORED BY THE NEW YORK SCHOOL SYSTEM AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, AND IN THE AFTERNOONS IN UNIVERSITY AND PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASSROOMS), (2) INSERVICE (INTERNS GRADUALLY ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY IN THEIR ASSIGNED SCHOOL BEFORE FINALLY BECOMING FULLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY-DIRECTED FUNCTIONS), (3) POST-SERVICE (INTERNS ATTEND A WORKSHOP ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE, DURING WHICH THEY DEVELOP PILOT CURRICULA AND RESEARCH PROJECTS). THE INTERNS' COURSE WORK FOCUSES ON (A) THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF POVERTY, (B) THE PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION OF THE SLOW… [PDF]

Yihong, Fan (2002). Learning from Elsewhere: Portrayal of Holistic Educators in Ecuador and Vietnam. A phenomenological research project examined a holistic school in Ecuador and a creativity methodology program in Vietnam. The educators in these programs have dedicated themselves to implementing a holistic and humanistic vision and philosophy of education in their teaching practice. The study demonstrates how they have successfully created a caring, nurturing, and nourishing learning environment where learning to live and to create, living to transcend, appreciating relationships, and educating for peace are modeled and fostered. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight educators at Colegio Integral in Quito, Ecuador, and with the founder of the Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity (CSTC) at Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City. CSTC teaches creative problem-solving techniques to adults. The themes and patterns that emerged unfolded as an interwoven web of knowing, doing, being, and becoming. That is, the four most important dimensions of holistic… [PDF]

Gallin, Alice, Ed. (1983). Facing the Future. Current Issues in Catholic Higher Education, v3 n2 Win. Ways that Catholic colleges and universities are trying to fulfill their role are discussed in articles by six college presidents and a church historian. In \The Catholic Liberal Art College: Has It a Future?\ John Tracy Ellis notes some of the roots to be reaffirmed by Catholic colleges. In \Preparing for the Millennium,\ Theodore M. Hesburgh summarizes choices colleges must make in the next two decades. Bernard J. Coughlin, in \The Importance of Intellectual Work,\ emphasizes the importance of teaching and scholarly work to society. In \Religion: The Tradition and What Is to Come,\ Luke Salm explores the role of religion in Catholic higher education today and models by which a college can consider itself Catholic. Robert H. Conn provides an ecumenical perspective on the role of church-related colleges in the formation of human, and humane, values in \Cloning the Doves of Peace.\ In \Universities and Weapons Research,\ William J. Rewak discusses new choices and challenges facing… [PDF]

(1999). Improving Girls' Education in Guatemala. Impact Evaluation. In Guatemala, many girls attend no school. A project by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Basic Education Strengthening (BEST), demonstrated that improving educational quality is the best approach to enhancing girls' participation. BEST included a Girls Education Program (GEP) activity. Under the BEST/GEP umbrella, several new strategies were tried, most notably mobilizing the private sector to action for girls' education and testing targeted interventions to improve the education of indigenous rural girls. Section 1, "Introduction," describes the problem. Section 2, "Background," discusses the war and the peace accords and examines the problem. Section 3, "USAID and Girls' Education in Guatemala," describes project implementation. Section 4, "CDIE Study Methods," describes the impact evaluation conducted by USAID's Center for Development Information and Evaluation (CDIE). Section 5, "BEST/GEP Successes and… [PDF]

Fenton, Thomas P., Ed. (1975). Education for Justice: A Resource Manual. The manual provides background material and resources for use by Christian educators in developing and implementing secondary level through adult programs on justice. Social action and personal involvement are stressed throughout the five sections of the manual. Section I explains how justice and injustice are interpreted throughout the manual and analyzes the content of the remaining four sections. Section II reviews eight readings on world justice, peace, international consciousness, political action, and world affairs. Section III describes 21 learning activities which utilize games, discussion, role play, and chalkboard exercises to teach about stereotypes, social involvement, power, communications, and perceptions. Each activity specifies objectives, materials, procedures, and time required. Section IV includes model educational programs developed by religious educators which are related to the learning activities and exercises in section III. By working through the models, the…

Zetterbaum, Marvin (1970). [Self and Political Order. With Comments.]. This consultant paper for a curriculum development project in the war/peace field is concerned with the concept of self, and the seeming conflict between demands of the individual self and demands of the political order, or the sense of community. Both classical and modern political philosophy are explored in discussing the difficulties of definition. Main interpretations investigated include: 1) the idea of the soul as a substitute for self, historical works of Socrates and Plato; 2) the unique individual, or the autonomous self, derived through Nietzschean philosophy; 3) the notion of the self as role player, a viewpoint of Kariel; and, 4) the inter-connection of self and order, called the social self, or the genuine self as envisioned by Etzioni. Additional factors in understanding the meaning of self are investigated such as, basic human needs, autonomy, freedom, social values, socialization, equality, responsibility, social stability, and a counter culture philosophy. Appended… [PDF]

Foster, Keith, Ed.; Peace, Brian, Ed. (1986). Training Adult Educators. Proceedings of a National Conference (2nd, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia, May 25-28, 1985). The AAAE Monograph Series in Adult and Continuing Education Number Two. The following papers are included: "Setting the Scene" (Brian Peace); "Different Training for Different Adult Educators?" (Michael Newman); "The Training of Part-Time Teachers in Adult Education: The UK Experience" (Brian Graham); "Adult Education Tutor Support" (Aileen Kelly); "Six Category Intervention Analysis" (Sue Knights); "Competency Analysis for Human Resource Developers" (Adrian Geering); "Managing Change in Adult Education" (Geoff Scott); "Computer-Based Interactive Video" (Brian Baldie); "Interactive Video" (Brian Baldie); "The Development of Tertiary Qualifications for Human Resource Practitioners" (Adrian Geering); "Personnel Development in the Australian Public Service" (Jane Briggs and David Patton); "Staff Development: The Search for an Appropriate Paradigm" (Leonie Jennings); "Staff Development: The Implications of Theories of Adult…

Sharma, Motilal (1996). Communications Technologies in Open and Distance Learning in Asia: The Experience of the Asian Development Bank. In view of financial constraints, large numbers of students to be educated, and rapid changes in information and communication and information technology, open learning (OL) and distance education (DE) systems are being established at an unprecedented rate in almost all developing countries of the Asian and Pacific region. Modern communications, computer-aided programs, and DE and OL systems should be applied vigorously to four areas: reduction of poverty, especially among rural populations; enlargement of human development in all aspects of physical, intellectual, and spiritual areas; improvement of women's status; and contribution to national peace and elimination of violence and terrorism. DE and OL help improve the quality of information and reduce the information gap. The core strength of DE is that it can globalize the education system by bringing in the best available teachers and experts to any corner of the world to provide the latest information with the help of… [PDF]

(1972). Report to the Governor and the Legislature by the Nevada Indian Affairs Commission for the Period, 1 July 1968 thru 30 June 1972. The administration and activities of the American Indian Affairs Commission for the State of Nevada are covered in this fourth report, which also gives an accounting of funds for which the Commission is responsible. The report discusses problems in the following 5 areas: (1) national Indian policy; (2) jurisdiction of the Indian reservations; (3) public assistance for Nevada Indians; (4) population and income information; and (5) education and the Nevada Indian. Recommendations are made concerning Indian reservations, population and income, and education, including (1) that whatever degree of law and order authority over their reservations the individual tribes agree they can assume should be returned to them; (2) that tribal judges on Indian reservations be made justices of the peace in order that they may hear cases of non-Indians who are arrested for committing crimes on Indian land; (3) that the legislature initiate some controls for checks and balances to insure personal… [PDF]

Swift, Jonathan (1981). Multiculturalism and Change in the Teaching of English. At the turn of the century, schools in the United States incorporated a curriculum that was decidedly aristocratic and anachronistic. Programs were developed to \Americanize\ foreigners, emphasizing conformity to white, middle class, Western European values of patriotism, culture, cleanliness, and social living. Percival Chubb, who for a time was director of the Ethical Culture School in New York, was a pioneer in emphasizing the cultural and civic values, rather than the purely academic, of the English curriculum. Yet English teachers held out for teaching the classics while merely toying with the concept of the social significance of literature. By 1924, there was not only a quest for internationalism, for peace, and for other cultures, but also an awakening of language consciousness. The 1930s highlighted progressivism and \intercultural\ and \interracial education.\ Educators began to stress the influence of literature and communication on the psychosocial development of the… [PDF]

Morrissett, Irving (1983). Science and Social Science in a World Perspective. While notable advances in astronomy, nuclear physics, microbiology, and computer technology seem to contribute to the possibility of human betterment, each of these advances involves hazards, the most ominous being their application to warfare. While considering the wonders and hazards of scientific advance, it is necessary to consider the less frequent, less compelling, and less visible advances made by the social sciences. The social sciences have not had the close relationship to warfare that the natural sciences have. The fault of the social sciences is not so much misapplication as it is nonapplication. It may be that natural science is the science of war, while social science is the science of peace. Unwillingness of decision-makers to apply social science has led to failure to deal effectively with world problems. Within the disciplines of social science and education, the available energy and resources to make practical applications to improve the human lot at home and…

Carlson, Kenneth (1970). Preparing Urban High School Teachers. This is a brief personal review of the Rutgers University urban internship program which is operated in conjunction with the New Jersey Urban Education Corps. The purpose of the program is to prepare liberal arts graduates to be secondary school teachers in urban areas. The recruiting of the interns took place mostly at black colleges and universities and among Peace Corpsmen and Vista Volunteers. The 46 interns with whom the program began in June 1970 were almost evenly divided between blacks and whites. Social science majors predominated. During the summer phase the interns worked with community and school groups in the cities in which they would be teaching. This practical work experience was supplemented with seminars on contemporary urban culture and the adolescent subculture therein. The interns in Newark worked with a Catholic Church group in the central ward on a tutorial and recreational program for high school and elementary school students. In the fall 1970 semester the… [PDF]

Lersten, Kenneth C. (1975). New Play. There have been many theories and hypotheses about play, one of which is the equation of play with \transcendence.\ Play may have the ingredients to allow us to transcend and, for a moment, remythologize life. There have been recent authors who have given play the status of theology, indicating that play contains elements also found in religion. This then is new play. For Neale, play is peace; there is the connotation of meaningfulness; it involves delight. Miller, in his book \God and Games,\ views play as a response to the introduction of the sacred into our lives. Jurgen Moltmann calls for transcendence of the win-lose nature of much or our play so that we can just simply be who we are in and through play. For Harvey Cox, festivity is a way that humans keep alive to time by relating past, present, and future; play has a festive element. The transcendent view of play is \new\ play in the sense that western culture seems to have forgotten how to play. Both physical education and… [PDF]

Carlson, Jerry S.; And Others (1991). Study Abroad: The Experience of American Undergraduates in Western Europe and the United States. Occasional Papers on International Educational Exchange Research Series. A study was done to examine the effect of study abroad experiences on undergraduate students both in their undergraduate years and afterwards. The study was a joint effort of U.S. and European educators and institutions, involved over 400 participants, and included a comparison group of students not undertaking a year abroad. The participating U.S. institutions were the University of California, the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and Kalamazoo College, Michigan. Results indicated that those who choose to study abroad and those who do not differ in predictable ways in cultural interest and domestic orientation; that not only academic but social and personal development are important parts of the international experience; that the time abroad has a significant impact on foreign language facility; that participants in the study abroad programs score higher than the comparison group on cultural interest and peace and cooperation… [PDF]

Silber, John (1989). Straight Shooting. What's Wrong with America and How To Fix It. This book presents the ideas of the president of Boston University on how America can change course and restore traditional democratic values. The primary threat to American freedom comes not from foreign nations but from societal and individual attitudes of self indulgence, extravagance, and a declinging educational system. A return to traditional morality, a willingness to accept responsibility for our acts, and the immediate reform of the public schools is encouraged. The 17 chapters are organized into 3 sections concerned with first principles, the school, and society, respectively. Sample chapters have the following titles: "The Gods of the Copybook Headings,""Teachers in a Troubled Society,""Education and Democracy in the Age of Television,""Academic Freedom and Civilization,""Poisoning the Wells of Academe,""Tenure in Context,""The 'Private' Sector and the Public Interest,""Paying the Bill for…

(1985). International Youth Year: Activities of ECLAC in Fulfillment of the Regional Plan of Action. The report discusses the implementation by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) of the concrete program of measures and activities proposed by the Regional Plan of Action for Latin America and the Caribbean for the International Youth Year. The central objectives of the Plan are to create greater awareness concerning the situation of young people, recognizing their rights and expectations, promoting policies and programs relating to youth in the framework of integrated development, stimulating active participation of youth, and promoting ideals of peace, respect, and understanding. The report summarizes ECLAC's activities in six sections: (1) "Background: the legislative context of the International Youth Year"; (2) "National Studies"; (3)"Technical Meetings and Seminars," which include events organized by ECLAC and contributions by ECLAC to other seminars; (4) "Methodologies for the study of youth"; (5)…

Brouwer, Lynette F. (1988). The History of Women's Management Thought: A Snapshot. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze women's contributions to the history and development of management concepts. The paper discusses the needs and reasons for this type of exploration and compares differences between men and women in relation to the development of management thought. A historical profile from the early 1800s which features specific women, events, and women's entries into selected professions, is presented. A research project is described in which writings by and about Jane Addams, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Mary Parker Follett, Margaret Dreier Robins, and Mary Barnett Gilson were analyzed to determine what management principles might have been common to these five women. The management philosophies of these late nineteenth century, early twentieth century women include: (1) achieving unity through diversity, rather than through uniformity; (2) placing value on relationships and human interdependence; (3) subjugating individual rights for the good of… [PDF]

Sheehan, Bernard W. (1987). Land and Liberty: The Ordinances of the 1780s. The U.S. Constitution established the broad legal frame for the U.S. political order; the ordinances provided the indispensable means for the expansion of that order across the continent. The first effort at organizing the northwest occurred in 1784. Written by Thomas Jefferson, the Ordinance of 1784 defined the stages through which territories should pass to statehood, made membership in the confederation perpetual, outlawed slavery, and required that state governments should be republican. The Land Ordinance of 1785 solved the problem of the orderly distribution of land. The Northwest Ordinance, enacted by Congress on July 13, 1787, contained machinery for state making and the Articles of Compact. Provisions assuring freedom of religion, trial by jury, habeas corpus, security of property and contract, proportional representation, public support of education, and the exclusion of slavery from the northwest in the territorial stage were included in the Articles of Compact. The… [PDF]

(1963). THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE OF JUVENILE DELIQUENCY AND YOUTH CRIME, WASHINGTON, D.C. SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING PEOPLE WHO WORK WITH DELINQUENTS AND POTENTIAL DELINQUENTS ARE GIVEN. THESE PEOPLE INCLUDED GANG WORKERS, SOCIAL WORKERS, TEACHERS, POLICEMEN, PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS, CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION PERSONNEL, AND GUIDANCE COUNSELORS. THE PROGRAM WAS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS–SHORT-TERM WORKSHOPS AND INSTITUTES, UNIVERSITY TRAINING CENTERS, AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. SHORT-TERM PROJECTS INCLUDED WORK IN THE STREETS, EDUCATION OF PROBLEM STUDENTS, AND ACCREDITED COLLEGE COURSE OF FIELD WORK AT THE PROBATION DEPARTMENT, CREATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD TEAMS OF POLICE, PROBATION OFFICERS, TEACHERS, SOCIAL WORKERS, AND OTHERS, UPGRADING CORRECTIONAL PERSONNEL, AND RURAL YOUTH PROGRAMS. THE UNIVERSITY TRAINING CENTERS WERE THE CORE OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM. THEY WERE TO BE PERMANENT TRAINING BASES WHERE A WIDE VARIETY OF YOUTH WORKERS COULD RECEIVE IMAGINATIVE, INTERDISCIPLINARY TRAINING. MOST INSTRUCTION WAS SPECIALIZATION IN THE TRAINEE'S OWN FIELD. THE…

Allen, Dwight; Ryan, Kevin (1969). Microteaching. This book on a rather widely known but less widely applied technique for teacher education is intended both to inform those people who are unfamiliar with microteaching and to caution those who see it as a final answer to teacher training. The first chapter provides a working definition of microteaching; surveys its importance in supervision, research, and other areas; and evaluates its potentials and problems. The second chapter presents the component-skills approach to a mastery of teaching skills and demonstrates the value of the model-oriented technique. The elements of microteaching (e.g., video tape recordings, patterns of training) and the structuring of a microteaching program are discussed in the third chapter. Chapters four and five take up the specific advantages and drawbacks of microteaching for pre-service and in-service teacher training programs. The importance of microteaching for specialized situations–teaching in the inner city, training elementary teachers,…

Cousins, Jack E., Ed. (1972). History and the Social Sciences in Colorado. Newsletter of the Colorado Council For The Social Studies. Volume 3, Number 1. World history is the topic of this issue of \History and the Social Sciences in Colorado.\ The major article, \Experiencing World History,\ concerns the content and processes of a world history curriculum developed and piloted by Utah State University. The object of the units is for the middle-class, teenage American to discover his identity in an imperfect society to which he would like to make a contribution. He does so through an empathetic study of the values of earlier epochs which set the model on which we now function. Four approaches to the content are used: 1) history as a process; 2) a tentative attitude towards historical circumstances; 3) an observance of dynamic tension between change and continuity in society; and 4) replacement of emphasis on chronological detail by a sense of general development of societies. Sources for teachers are listed under categories of world order, simulation, law, economics, and peace studies/international relations. Seven curriculum… [PDF]

Chertow, Doris S., Ed.; Reagen, Michael V., Ed. (1972). The Challenge of Modern Church-Public Relations. Papers presented at the Institute on Modern Religious Communication Dilemmas, held at Syracuse University's Continuing Education Center for the Public Service in November 1971, are provided. The focus of the institute was the dilemmas facing modern church-public relations practitioners. The papers reproduced in this book provide a descriptive overview of some of the complexities of religious communications dilemmas brought out at the institute. The papers and their authors are as follows: (1) Introduction by Burton W. Marvin; (2) \Six Propositions on the Future of Religion\ by Warren L. Ziegler; (3) \The Crisis in Culture, Belief, and Church\ by T. William Hall; (4) \Toward a Social Theory of Human Communication\ by William P. Ehling; (5) \Event Magazine: A Case Study in Controversy\ by James E. Solheim; (6) \Religion as a Marketing Problem and How Research Can Help\ by Jack Haskins; (7) \United Methodist Information Area Survey, 1970\ by Robert Lear; (8) \Managing Survival in a…

Hadden, Gerry, Comp. (1997). Teenage Refugees from Guatemala Speak Out. In Their Own Voices Series. In December 1996, a peace accord ended 30 years of civil war in Guatemala, during which an estimated 200,000 people were killed and over 1 million were displaced. Most of the war's victims have been indigenous (Maya) Guatemalans–who make up about 65 percent of the population–and other supporters of economic and political reforms. In this book, seven young Guatemalan refugees in the United States and Canada tell their stories. These boys and girls are 13-18 years old and include legal and illegal immigrants, students and dropouts, Maya Indians and "ladinos" (culturally Hispanic persons), and permanent immigrants and those who plan to return to Guatemala. They speak about fleeing the war and entering a new country, learning English, educational experiences in Guatemala and the United States, work experiences, efforts to stay in touch with family members, family survival strategies, racism, personal interests, culture conflict, acculturation, and aspirations for further…

Lugar, Richard G. (1983). Keynote Address of Senator Richard G. Lugar National Forum on Excellence in Education (Indianspolis, Indiana, December 8, 1983). Few Americans understand the extent to which our nation is at risk. While our ability to compete on an international scale has diminished, our commitment to national defense and social programs and the costs for such programs have increased. The solution to this general predicament lies in the competition of ideas and ideals and in the maximization of freedom of trade and the laws of comparative advantage. This solution implies reform of the nation's schools, but the reform should be directed at the state and local levels, not, as in the past, at the federal level. In addition, this reform must extend beyond improving educational practices. The crisis of American education is that, as a people, we do not understand the importance of academic achievement to our national well-being. The plaudits of each of us should be directed toward academic achievement and to the development of successful competitors on the intellectual playing fields. Great moments in sport will come and go, but…

Court, Deborah (2004). Education in a Troubled Democracy: Voices from Israel. Curriculum Inquiry, v34 n1 p47-69 Mar. Democracy offers no automatic principles for a decent and civilized life. Its principles require interpretation and compromise, and must be balanced between the welfare of individuals, groups, and the state. In Israel, the situation is made even more complex by the fact that Israel defines itself as a Jewish state. Surrounded by hostile forces, Israel must attempt not only to maintain peace and security but to offer democratic rights to its Jewish, Moslem, and Christian citizens. Jewish and Arab Israelis lives are woven together against this difficult background through complex patterns of commerce and trust. These patterns have been disrupted during the recent hostilities between Israelis and Palestinians. This article presents a window on the Israeli democracy in this turbulent time through in-depth interviews with six Israeli educators, two Jewish and four Arab. They analyze the Israeli democracy and discuss the problems of their own population sectors in particular, giving… [Direct]

Mortenson, Thomas G. (1987). Why Student Financial Aid? ACT Student Financial Aid Research Report Series 87-1. This report, the first in a series on student financial aid, develops a public policy justification for needs-tested higher educational subsidies targeted specifically to students, and offers evidence to support the argument that financial aid is a worthwhile use of public monies. Traditionally, public subsidies for students have been directed to institutions; in the mid-1960s, however, federal and state governments began to subsidize higher education of students directly via needs-tested grants and other forms of aid. Currently more than $20 billion is spend on student aid. Five sections look at: student demand for higher education; differences in abilities to pay college costs; the effect of price on student enrollment decisions (discussing student enrollment responses to price and to financial aid); the public policy commitment to equalize higher educational opportunity (discussing federal and state commitments); and society's interest in improving educational opportunity… [PDF]

(1983). Meeting of Experts to Consider Ways and Means of Taking the Workers' Interests into Consideration When Formulating and Implementing Adult Education Policies (Paris, France, April 25-29, 1983). At a UNESCO meeting of representatives of international nongovernmental workers and cooperative organizations, the delegates laid particular emphasis on the correlation between political, economic, and social problems on the one hand, and educational, cultural, and training activities on the other. The participants especially stressed the need for increased priority to be given to economic and vocational education, provided through trade union and cooperative organizations; for agricultural and industrial workers; craftspersons, manual workers, and intellectual workers; unemployed persons; and the increasing number of workers obliged to change jobs. The delegates reported a need to encourage self-reliance in the developing countries, self-help activities in rural and urban areas, and measures to reduce unemployment and promote self-management or worker participation in the management of cooperatives and companies. The role and prominence of transnational corporations in relation to…

Craver, Samuel M., Ed. (1988). Education: A Moral Enterprise. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the South Atlantic Philosophy of Education Society (32nd, Durham, North Carolina, October 16-17, 1987). The following papers were presented at this meeting: (1) \The Moral Import of the Concept of Education\ (Robert D. Heslep) Response: J. Gordon Chamberlin; (2) \Religion and Public Education: Formulating a Rational Legacy\ (William F. Losito) Response: James W. Garrison; (3) \Using Scientific Logic To Reconcile Theism and Secular Humanism as Religions\ (Tom Hawkins) Response: David Kennedy; (4) \VIsion and Person in Teacher Renewal\ (Jon A. Rinnender) Response: Cheryl Southworth; (5) \Teaching Justice through Classic Texts: The Coppin-Hopkins Humanities Program in the Baltimore City Schools\ (John Furlong and William Carroll) Response: Anthony G. Rud, Jr.; (6) \A Theater of Memory: Viro's View of Personal Identity\ (Thomas O. Buford) Response: John R. Scudder, Jr; (7) \Teaching Cooperation\ (Richard J. McGowan) Response: Beatric Sarlos; (8) \Censorship and the Right To Read\ (Susan O'Brien and Joseph O'Brien); (9) \On the Horns of a Moral Dilemma: An Anatomy of the Hawkins County,… [PDF]