Young, Bruce (1984). Tourism on Television. Thirteen half-hour television programs entitled "The Geography of Tourism" developed for use in Wilfrid Laurier University's (Canada) distance education program are discussed. Distance education embraces teaching, or communicating with, students who are not physically in the classroom with the instructor. The central theme of the series is the impact of tourism on places; the major sub-theme is the physical impact on landscapes over time. The programs include guest commentators, slides, film clips, maps, posters, and paintings. The following are among the topics examined: the components of the tourism functional system; how tourism development impacts small places, e.g., Marsaskala, Malta; tourism and Canadian lakes; the development of resorts in South Africa and England; planned resorts, e.g., Gray Rocks, Quebec; urban tourism; economic, environmental, and social-cultural impacts of tourism; tourism dynamics; goals of tourism planning; Canadian tourism; and new ideas in…

Dow, James (1983). Communications and Conferencing Software for Anthropology. Recent developments in the field of computer communication are reviewed, and ways in which these technologies can be used to make anthropology more productive and effective are examined. Computer communication is defined as the communication of symbolic information from one location to another electronically over phone lines, satellite links, or microwave links. Hardware discussed includes national and local area networks and microcomputers. In the software category, electronic mail and bulletin boards are discussed, online information retrieval services are examined, and software programs provided by national microcomputer utilities are described. Demographic aspects of anthropology that tend to increase the usefulness of computer communications in the discipline are outlined: (1) anthropologists working on the same things tend to be isolated in relatively distant locations, and (2) anthropology needs a communication system that can cross cultural and national boundaries. Also… [PDF]

Cruickshank, William M.; And Others (1969). Misfits in the Public Schools. Barriers to effective education of handicapped children and the roles of social agencies in a position to provide a climate for change and innovation are the focus of this book. Administrative ineptitude, unqualified administrators and teachers, poor standards for graduate students, inadequate teacher education, and attitudes toward education and change are considered. Thoughts on innovation include educational responsibility, four types of administrators, communication problems, four processes in innovation, and the problem of goals. The role of the university in the following aspects of innovation is examined: changes in special education over four decades, the school of education and its curriculum, dynamic planning, teacher selection, and the preparation of special education teachers. A discussion of the role of public schools considers attitudes toward children with unusual learning or adjustment problems, self concept, and means-end and multidisciplinary orientation. Federal…

Harris, Vivien (2000). A Unique Pedagogical Project Contextualised within a Children's Art Exhibition. This project explored the learning interchanges which took place between early childhood student teachers and young children, provoked by three-dimensional installations within a children's art exhibition. The exhibition, comprising both two- and three-dimensional artworks, contained over 280 artworks from 15 early childhood programs in the southwest region of Queensland. Children aged between 17 months and 6 years came to the gallery to see their own artworks and the artworks of other children. The project focused on the three-dimensional installations, which generated substantial dialogue and creative expression among the children and student teachers. The project encompassed four phases of investigation: (1) children's responses to and interactions with the three-dimensional artworks at the exhibition; (2) student teachers' exploration of symbolic representation within the context of the exhibition; (3) student teachers' extension of children's representations through a process… [PDF]

Gough, Annette; Gough, Noel (2004). Environmental Education Research in Southern Africa: Dilemmas of Interpretation. Environmental Education Research, v10 n3 p409-424 Aug. These multiple framings of our reflections on environmental education research in southern Africa are written as dilemmas of interpretation that aim to disrupt any temptation to generalise or essentialise its qualities and characteristics. Recognising that research is a textual practice, we use J. M. Coetzee's portrayal of the dilemmas faced by African novelists as a point of departure in reflecting on the changing landscape of environmental education research in southern Africa as we have experienced it over six years. We provide readings framed by reference to post-colonialism, changing epistemologies and methodologies, contexts of transformation and tension, the influence of international organisations such as the United Nations and its instrumentalities, and concerns about human rights and accountability. We conclude by affirming the post-colonialist trajectories of environmental education research in southern Africa and speculating on the distinctive possibilities that… [Direct]

Kane, Kristen (2006). Empowerment Schools. Luncheon Series. Center for Educational Innovation – Public Education Association For the past half a century, the New York City public school system has undergone major transformations in its organization. The 1950s and 1960s community control movement led to decentralization of the school system in 1969. The school system broke into 32 community school districts, with superintendents appointed by local community school boards. In the 1990s, a push to recentralize the school system led to passage of legislation that put the power to hire superintendents in the Schools Chancellor's control. Now, the school system is about to undergo another major decentralization by allowing principals to choose the form of support they wish to have for their schools. Unlike previous efforts at decentralization, this new effort focuses on empowering schools rather than a system. Under the new system, principals will be given decision-making power over the organization of the school, staff and schedule, as well as choice over instructional practices, curriculum and professional… [PDF]

Forsyth, Patrick B. (1989). NCPEA–UCEA: Converging Missions. Despite sharing a common history and purpose, the National Conference for Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) and the University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) have operated in different ways. Whereas NCPEA's approach was always egalitarian and tied to a policy of individual membership, UCEA was organized more formally and followed a more restricted institutional membership policy. Although both approaches have merit and are complementary, the two associations have grown apart over the years. There are two causes for the bad feelings between the organizations: (1) disagreement over research/theory emphases; and (2) loss of mission, accompanied by financial difficulties and declining membership. Without a mission, the two associations were in no position to provide leadership and leverage against the inherent weaknesses of the colleges and universities housing them. At one extreme, some educational programs became "cash cows" devoid of academic… [PDF]

(2003). Tuition and Fees at Virginia's State-Supported Colleges and Universities, 2003-2004. A SCHEV Report. This report summarizes: (1) planned increases in in-state undergraduate tuition and mandatory educational and general (E&G) fees for the 2003-04 academic year (analyzing those increases as they relate to the tuition policy set forth by the 2003 General Assembly); (2) changes in tuition and fees in Virginia over the last 25 years; (3) cost sharing relationship between the state and in-state undergraduate students; and (4) trends in tuition increases nationally and peer comparisons. Findings include: the 2003 General Assembly established a tuition policy that institutions shall not increase tuition and mandatory E&G fees for in-state undergraduates by more than five percent in 2003-04 over the adjusted annualized 2002-03 base tuition; the overall actual average increase for in-state undergraduate tuition and mandatory E&G fees, without annualizing the mid-year increases, will be 19.3 percent from 2002-03 to 2003-04; and the fall, average tuition and mandatory E&G… [PDF]

Barko, Naomi (1983). Stress in Professionals and Non-Professionals, Men and Women. Innovation Abstracts, v5 n9 Mar 25. Researchers are finding that high demands plus low control over how the job is done make a job stressful. According to Professor Robert Karasek of Columbia University, the statistics on heart disease and high blood pressure prove that nonprofessional workers such as typists are under more stress than professional workers such as teachers. Dr. Marianne Frankenhauser of Sweden has isolated stress hormones often connected with heart attacks and strokes. One group of hormones is associated with adrenaline which increases with tension; the other is cortisol, which is connected to feelings of anxiety. According to Dr. Frankenhauser, when a person is given more control over his tasks, the cortisol level will lower even though the adrenaline level may remain high. The worker will make effort without distress. Another difference between teaching careers and the typist's job is that the typist's job is less interesting which causes boredom, frustration, and a decline in self-esteem. Women…

Bray, Dorothy (1984). Remediation, Retention, Rigor and Reform–The New 3 R's Plus One. This examination of the issues of reform pertinent to adult and developmental education focuses largely on the activities and recommendations of the Learning, Assessment, Retention Consortium (LARC) of California with respect to these concerns. The first sections of the paper address the problem of underprepared college students, and the policy issues that have emerged in the debate over literacy. The next section considers the question of educational reform, focusing on top-down responses in areas such as program evaluation, institutional policies on credit and advisement, increased academic rigor, and revised teacher roles; and bottom-up responses which value college-based efforts, collaboration, and teaching and learning strategies. Following an overview of major trends in remediation, political questions and complaints about the current state of remedial/developmental education are highlighted. The next sections focus on LARC's responses to the questions central to the current… [PDF]

(2001). Technical Workshop on Basic Education and Lifelong Learning for Gender Equality through CLCs (Jayagiri-Bandung, Indonesia, March 28-31, 2001). Final Report. The Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All (APPEAL), UNESCO, is a cooperative program designed to promote education for all in the region. Its principal aim is to promote primary education, literacy, and continuing education for all and particularly for disadvantaged groups. APPEAL/PROAP has instituted the project, Promotion of Basic Education and Lifelong Learning for Gender Equality through CLCs, to improve and strengthen basic education and lifelong learning for gender equality. The project will build upon the expertise and experience of community learning centers (CLCs), which have been providing non-formal education for over 3 years, with girls and women one of their target groups. CLCs provide a supportive atmosphere for learning and have helped improve the status of girls and women in their communities. Objectives of the technical workshop held in Indonesia in March 2001 were to: review the situation in the region regarding basic education and lifelong learning for…

Hood, John F.; And Others (1985). Microcomputers in Schools, 1984-85. A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis. This report of Market Data Retrieval's second comprehensive survey of microcomputers and their use in grades K-12 presents information for the 1984-85 year for public, private, and Catholic schools in the United States. The survey findings are summarized in a brief introduction, and detailed data are presented in the 37 tables and 9 maps that accompany the narrative report. Areas covered include microcomputer use by school type, micro-intensity by grade level and type of school, brand distribution, and growth trends. Findings indicate that: (1) U.S. schools are now using 630,000 microcomputers, a 75% increase over the 1983-84 school year; (2) public school use of micros (85.1%) still exceeds private (46.4%) and Catholic school (63.4%) use; (3) senior high schools still lead the way with 94.6% using microcomputers, but junior high schools are now at 93.1% and elementary schools at 82.2%; (4) 94.2% of U.S. public school districts now use microcomputers for instruction (an increase of…

(2006). Workforce: Utah. Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education In the decade leading up to 2012, Utah will see the second highest rate of job growth in the U.S. and an increasing demand for well-educated employees. Technology-related professions will see their ranks swell by 43 percent, while healthcare will grow by 42 percent. Teachers' numbers will increase by 37 percent: nearly 24,000 new jobs for educators (including librarians) will need to be filled. Managers will experience a 21 percent increase; when retirements are added in, over 3,800 managerial openings will need to be filled each year. The growth of these sectors is good news for Utah's citizens, since wages for jobs in these areas are significantly higher than the average for Utah in general. The Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) was launched specifically to address the shortage of workforce-training opportunities in medicine, dentistry, and other professional fields. WICHE and its 15 member states work collaboratively to expand educational access and… [PDF]

Heenan, Barbara; Houghton, Nina (2006). The Emerging Practices of the National Writing Project's New Teacher Initiative. Inverness Research Associates This report describes the teaching practices that emerged from the planning, implementing and refining of the New Teacher Initiative (NTI) programs over the first three years of the initiative. During this period, the 18 New Teacher Initiative (NTI) sites developed a repertoire of practices for educating and supporting beginning teachers. As an experienced classroom teacher's repertoire of strategies influences student outcomes, so did the practices the NTI programs developed shape the outcomes accrued to the novice teachers participating in the New Teacher Initiative. Though many strategies were developed in the NTI through the process of implementation and revision, a handful emerged as especially viable. Drawing on specific site examples as illustrations, the authors discuss four most commonly adopted NTI program practices: (1) Workshop Series; (2) On-site Mentoring and Coaching; (3) On-line Support; and (4) Teacher Research. The report highlights benefits and challenges of each…

Ashley, Martin (2006). You Sing like a Girl? An Exploration of \Boyness\ through the Treble Voice. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, v6 n2 p193-205 May. In this paper, the notion of \doing boy\ through performance is explored. The point is made that singing is a potential gender performance but the treble voice of the 8-year-old to 14-year-old boy is a biologically determined as well as socially constructed feature of young masculinity. A complication is the degree to which the boy's treble voice is traditionally associated with sacred music. Recent attempts at widening participation in singing by cathedrals are evaluated for their potential to increase male participation in the arts through more eclectic forms of repertoire and the sharing of musical expertise. The under-representation of males is seen as a problem in the study and boys' choices not to sing during the 8-14 years because of uncertainty about the gendering of the high voice is presented as the major issue. Different sexualities can attach to vocal performance by young males, and these are explored. The changed voice of the \boy band\ is associated with explicit… [Direct]

Burnard, Pamela; Burns, Dawn; Craft, Anna; Cremin, Teresa; Duffy, Bernadette; Hanson, Ruth; Haynes, Lindsay; Keene, Jean (2006). Documenting "Possibility Thinking": A Journey of Collaborative Enquiry. International Journal of Early Years Education, v14 n3 p243-262 Oct. Drawing on existing work in the area of creativity and early years education, this paper maps the process of an exploratory study which sought to identify what characterizes "possibility thinking" as an aspect of creativity in young children's learning. With the aim of developing a framework for identifying "possibility thinking" in the contexts of three early years settings, the authors explore key tenets of a model for conceptualizing (and rethinking) "possibility thinking" and attempt to reconcile some of the methodological challenges inherent in documenting this aspect of creativity in early years contexts. With the co-participation of five early years teachers as researchers, three university-based researchers worked collaboratively, in a funnel-like process, over the three-phase development of the project. With the emphasis on mapping the developing conceptualizations of "possibility thinking" and the appropriateness of multimodal methods… [Direct]

(1993). The Annual Condition of Education Report. A Report on Elementary, Secondary and Community College Education. This publication provides a comprehensive view of kindergarten through community-college education in Iowa. It describes input indicators (which are somewhat fixed by outside constraints), process indicators (over which school districts have some control), and outcome indicators (which result from planned district programs). Information for 1993-94 is compared with the 1985-86 school year. Statewide initiatives implemented since 1985 include the Department of Education's 5-year plan, Renewing the Commitment; new standards for school accreditation; the Educational Excellence Program to improve teacher salaries and staff development; and increased exploration of interdistrict sharing. The first section describes Iowa's progress toward the six National Education Goals. The second section describes the status of elementary-secondary education in terms of student achievement, enrollment, staff, programs, and finance. Section 3 examines community colleges, and provides information on… [PDF]

Thornton, Stephen J. (1992). Private Lives, Public Forums: What Teachers Share of Themselves in Teaching. There has been considerable concern among policymakers over the last decade about the recruitment and retention of talented and energetic people into teaching. A study is described that documented what three talented and idealistic prospective teachers hoped to accomplish in their teaching and how their goals developed through teacher education and student teaching experiences. Data were collected utilizing student teaching journals, interviews conducted before student teaching began and again near its end, and reports from cooperating teachers and supervisors. Case studies based on teaching experiences of the students illustrate their views which reflect a relational conception of teaching, a commitment to sharing personal beliefs, and a wish to share of themselves in ways that would make meaningful differences in their students' lives. Results suggest that policies intended to promote professionalization of teaching in general and standards for social studies teachers in… [PDF]

Lawler-Prince, Dianne; Slate, John R. (1993). Difficulty in Identifying Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Conflicts with Traditional Instructional Practices. This study investigated the extent to which preservice teachers could differentiate developmentally appropriate from inappropriate practices in the education of young children. Responses to 2 teaching scenarios were collected from 158 junior and/or senior early childhood teacher education majors from a university in the mid-South. Results indicated that: (1) 75 percent of students correctly identified sharing personal experiences as a developmentally appropriate practice; (2) almost 75 percent correctly identified the inappropriateness of not permitting children to have recess and the presence of materials that were too difficult or abstract; (3) over half reported that overly structured classroom activities and reading a story in which children were not interested were inappropriate; (4) only 35 percent recognized the inappropriateness of discipline techniques which involved isolating children who were involved in minor misbehaviors; and (5) students exhibited difficulty in… [PDF]

Aranson, Joel B.; Lopez, Gil (1985). Promoting Success through Collaborative Ventures in Precollege Science and Mathematics. This publication presents a synthesis of the efforts made over a decade to increase minority participation in precollege engineering studies. It is produced by the National Association of Precollege Directors (NAPD), a coalition of 19 program specialists which serves as a central base for program networking and the sharing of ideas and information that promote academic success in students. These programs serve to increase student scholastic achievement in all subject areas, especially mathematics and science, and to heighten student awareness of careers in engineering, science, and technology. Functioning as educational extensions to participating schools, they involve industry and higher education facilities in program activities. Tutorial services are also provided and detailed records that continually monitor academic performance are maintained throughout the students' high school years. The report describes various NAPD programs, presents a brief history of the precollege…

(1976). Greater Assurances Are Needed that Emotionally Disturbed and Handicapped Children are Properly Cared for in Department of Defense Approved Facilities: Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. Problems pertaining to the treatment of emotionally disturbed and handicapped children and adolescents under the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) are described, actions taken by the Department of Defense to correct these problems are assessed, and additional areas needing improvement are pointed out. The report is divided into five sections (sample topics are in parentheses): introduction (program administration and costs of care in CHAMPUS); better criteria and inspection procedures needed in approving facilities (progress and problems in approving psychiatric facilities); procedures needed to avoid inappropriate admissions and excessive lengths of stay (results of case reviews by medical advisors); improved controls over facility financial charges needed (facilities often not collecting sponsor's share); and the financial provisions of the program for the handicapped need to be reconsidered (cost-sharing requirements and current charges of…

(1970). A Forward Look. Final Report of the Governor's Commission on Education. This report is the result of a 2-year study of Wisconsin's educational system in which over 600 men and women and some 3000 students participated. Volunteer citizen task forces, which provided data and recommendations for the Commission's consideration, addressed themselves to 4 major issues: organization of the educational system for effective statewide planning; development of a financial policy that would provide equality of opportunity and equity in cost sharing; formulation of procedures to increase resources allocated to education; identification of desirable relationships between state government and educational institutions. The key recommendation is the creation of a state education board to encompass a board of elementary and secondary education, 8 regional boards, a board of regents of technical colleges, an open education board responsible for integrating educational and communication resources and developing a cooperative learning resources center and an open school…. [PDF]

Ibraeva, Gulmira A.; Rysalieva, Symbat Dj. (1999). Educational Financing and Budgeting in Kyrgyzstan. Financial Management of Education Systems. Working Document. This book provides an indepth description and analysis of financial management and budgetary procedures for education in Kyrgyzstan. The case of this country is interesting for practitioners and researchers due to its policy of accelerated transition to a market economy, with associated hardships for educational finance and budgeting. Kyrgyzstan was obliged to make all possible efforts to pass through the difficulties and constraints of the transition period as quickly as possible to sustain the previous level of educational development and standards, and to achieve rapid transformation of the mechanisms of educational finance. This case study provides examples of application of "program-budgeting" techniques in education, global ceilings to replace the obsolete norms for budget estimates, measures for strict control over expenditure, fiscal discipline, cost-reduction, cost-sharing, and income-generation, as well as private education development. Appendices contain charts…

Bailey, Brent R.; Goehl, Karen S.; Houghton, Joan; Steveley, Janet D. (1995). Planning Today Creating Tomorrow: A Guide to Transition. This booklet provides information designed for individuals who are involved in the transition planning process both for persons with deaf-blindness and for persons with other disabilities. The purpose of the guide is to introduce common misperceptions encountered during transition planning, components of transition planning, and the transition planning process. The first section of the guide presents common misperceptions based on the collective experiences of educators who have participated in transition planning for students over the years. The following section identifies general considerations and common transition issues when beginning transition planning, including thinking about the person, exploring all options, learning to work as a team, and sharing responsibility among team members. A general step-by-step process to transition planning is then presented, along with examples of plans developed for two women with vision and hearing losses who returned home to Indiana after… [PDF]

Wagner, Judith O. (1995). Using the Internet in Vocational Education. ERIC Digest No. 160. Vocational educators are using the Internet in various ways. The director and associate professor of vocational-technical education at Dakota State University uses the Internet primarily for electronic mail. Students in a secondary vocational teacher's international trade and marketing class have participated in real-time conferences with schools in Finland, Israel, and many places in the United States. Students in the University of Florida counseling program use e-mail, search the World Wide Web (WWW) for information, and have group e-mail sessions. Advantages of using the Internet include the following: ability to arouse students' interest, ease of communication among teachers for sharing ideas, availability of new resources, potential to develop new relationships all over the world, and possibility of interaction with experts. Problems are antiquated hardware and software; lack of technical and curriculum support; lack of coherent structure, stability, and documentation; and lack… [PDF]

Bush, Maribeth (1995). Transracial Adoption: Factors Promoting Racial Identity and Self-Esteem. Transracial adoptions continue to occur in the United States, despite a long-running debate over the effects on the self-esteem and racial identity of adoptees. It is important for counselors to understand the needs of transracial adoptees in order to support such individuals in the process of identity development. A review of the literature was conducted to determine factors fostering healthy racial identity and self-esteem in transracial adoptees. The results of the review showed that the factors that tend to promote racial identity and self-esteem in adoptees include: living in a multiethnic community, attending desegregated schools, having adoptive parents with a strong acceptance of the child's ethnic heritage, and regular exposure to individuals sharing the child's ethnic background. Research shows that transracial adoptions can be successful in meeting the needs of transracial adoptees if the right conditions are present. Most available research on transracial adoption has… [PDF]

Burger, Leslie; Weaver, Barbara (1995). Standards for Florida Public Libraries: A Vision for the 21st Century. The need for new standards has arisen in Florida public libraries as a result of the library profession's shift from quantitative, input-based standards to qualitative, output-based standards to measure library performance and excellence. The standards in this document were developed after over 100 participants identified subjects to be addressed and developed recommendations and submitted them to the Standards Working Committee. The final standards are organized in the following broad categories: (1) governance, leadership and funding; (2) personnel; (3) access; (4) materials and collections; (5) services; (6) facilities; (7) cooperation and resource sharing; and (8) community relations. In each section there is an objective defined, addressing the purpose of the standards for the topic area. The standard appears in bold type, followed by a checklist that contains a number of indicators a library can use for self-assessment. Each section includes a list of critical resources. Four… [PDF]

(1993). Ensuring Student Success through Collaboration. Bulletin No. 94076. Wisconsin designed a proposal to the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) for funding through a grant program: "Ensuring Student Success Through Collaboration." With the financial support made available by CCSSO through this grant program, a statewide meeting on May 26, 1993, was held to explore school/community collaboration to address the needs of children and families. The meeting was attended by over 100 opinion leaders on collaboration. The meeting intended to discuss numerous topics, including sharing with others the experiences of implementing and sustaining community collaborative initiatives. The overall purpose of the project was to explore the feasibility of collaboration as a method for successfully meeting the needs of children and families in Wisconsin. The methods of exploration included the statewide meeting with followup telephone interviews. Information was compiled and formulated into a guide for collaboration and a community needs assessment…. [PDF]

Etheridge, Carol P.; Valesky, Thomas C. (1992). A School and University Collaborative Project between Memphis City Schools and Memphis State University. The partnership between Memphis State University (Tennessee) and seven Memphis City Schools using school-based decision making (SBDM) has evolved into a unique cooperative relationship. The goal of the pilot SBDM initiative has been to restructure the schools involved. University researchers undertook to observe and document the change process by attending planning, training, and decision making sessions at the seven sites and at district level over the first 3 years of SBDM implementation. This paper describes the partnership enjoyed by university researchers and the participants in the SBDM initiative of the Memphis City Schools and uses the partnership as a point of reference for a discussion of some of the concerns and issues associated with school and university collaboration. The discussion includes a description of the data collection and analysis and the objectives and manner of sharing research results with school personnel. Additional topics discussed include the need for…

Harris, J. John, III; And Others (1983). STAR I (Summer Training Achieves Results). Final Evaluation Report. Project STAR I, a summer program administered by the Indianapolis Public Schools, provided over 400 economically disadvantaged young people (16 to 21 years old) with supervised work/intern experiences and career education activities designed to promote career development and continued academic pursuit. The project had three basic components: STAR I, the Gold Star Mentor Program, and a Tutorial component. In STAR I, participants worked six hours per day, five days a week. Biweekly, they attended training workshops which focused on the exploration of career options, educational/attitudinal motivation, and the sharing of worksite experiences. The Gold Star Mentor Program sought to create summer "partnerships" between business/community leaders and 60 high school participants in STAR I in an effort to provide the students with role models and increased career exposure. The tutorial component provided experiences for high school students as teacher aides and/or tutors. Through… [PDF]