(1974). Chinese as a Second Language, Level I: Teacher's Manual. The lessons in this booklet are developed for the Chinese Bilingual Pilot Program, San Francisco Unified School District. The main objective is to teach Cantonese to non-Chinese speaking children so that they can use this new language in a meaningful way such as, carry on a simple conversation in that language. The ultimate goal in the oral segment is to have pupils demonstrate the progressive ability to carry on and understand a Chinese conversation with peers who are native Chinese speakers. The curriculum will also provide knowledge, insight, and an appreciation for the cultural similarities and differences between Chinese and English speaking peoples. The format of the curriculum has the "ripple-effect." It evolves from the students' basic personal needs to their home, school, and community environments. Therefore, by relating their new language to their own needs and experiences, Chinese becomes meaningful to them. Language is cumulative. This system provides a review… [PDF]
(1973). Bilingualism in the Southwest. The articles included in this book are intended to demonstrate the diversity of academic interest in the phenomenon of bilingualism. Articles treat Mexican-Americans, American Indians, and Suggestions for Further Research. The first two parts contain the following subdivisions: (1) Assumptions and Methods, (2) Language Resources and Development, and (3) Cultural and Linguistic Interactions. There are a total of eight articles in the first section, nine in the second, and one in the third. Many of the articles include references for further research or consultation. Tables and graphs help to explain information. (SK)…
(1971). Cultural Conflict in the Classroom. A cultural conflict occurs between the Mexican-American child and the Anglo teacher within the classroom situation. Punishment for adherence to his own culture results in loss of identity for the Mexican-American child and increases his tendency toward what may be termed deviant behavior. The more weighted the school curriculum is toward the middle-class Anglo expectations, the more difficult it will be for the Mexican-American child to participate. Teachers and school personnel must accept and appreciate the significant contributions that other languages and cultures have made and can make toward enriching the American way of life. A positive atmosphere toward the Mexican-American must be established and the cultural gap must be bridged; total acceptance of the validity of another culture is what should and must be the end goal. (VM)… [PDF]
(1971). [Reports from the 1971 Annual Meeting of the Washington Association of Foreign Language Teachers.]. WAFLT Forum, v3 n2 p2-12 May. The reports from the 1971 Annual Meeting of the Washington Association of Foreign Language Teachers are presented in this compilation of nine abridged speeches given at the meeting. The papers include: (1) \The Three Dimensions of Successful Teaching,\ (2) \State of the Profession,\ (3) \Individualizing Instruction in Some Puget Sound Schools,\ (4) \Adams–Two Years Later,\ (5) \Bilingualism,\ (6) \Custom Tailoring Instruction,\ (7) \FLES and Grass Roots Education,\ (8) \Hello, Gozaimasu!\, and (9) \The Role of Applied Linguistics in Foreign Language Teaching.\ (RL)… [PDF]
(1971). The Family Background of Puerto Rican Students: An Analysis of Educationally Relevant Variables. The purpose of this study was to construct a data base concerning the home background of Puerto Rican students as it relates to present and potential educational programs. The focus was on parental perceptions of educationally relevant variables in hopes of improving the planning and implementation of educational programs by school and community groups to better meet the needs of Puerto Rican people. Ninety-two Spanish-speaking families having children in the primary grades of Bridgeport public schools were interviewed for this study. Names and addresses of these families' children were obtained from five schools in various areas of Bridgeport in proportion to the concentration of such students in each school. Fifty percent of the sample were Model Cities Neighborhood residents. The Zirkel-Greene Home Interview Schedule was the instrument used for this study, this instrument being available in English and Spanish forms. Basically, it includes items that deal with factors of parental… [PDF]
(1973). Mexican Americans: An Annotated Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations. ERIC-IRCD Doctoral Research Series, Number 1, May 1973. The seven years since the enactment of ESEA Title I in 1965 provided a unique opportunity to attempt to find answers to unanswered questions about the teaching-learning process, especially in relation to minority group children and youth, and to students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The flood of new programs provided fertile grounds for doctoral dissertation research on the education of the disadvantaged. Bits and pieces of research throughout the country are entombed in \Dissertation Abstracts International\ and in university libraries. The ERIC-IRCD staff believing that much could be learned about doctoral research itself, about children, and about educational programs, decided to attempt to provide comprehensive collections of abstracts in those areas of special interest to ERIC-IRCD. The present document is one of several being prepared for a new series of publications entitled \ERIC-IRCD Doctoral Research Series.\ Over 700 abstracts were photocopied, sorted, and indexed…. [PDF]
(1972). Materials Acquisition Project: Volume 2, Number 8. Some 250 Spanish texts are listed in this annotated bibliography. The majority of these texts have been selected on the basis of their suitability for use in bilingual programs. The annotation is an objective description of materials and often includes suggestions concerning appropriate grade level and utilization of materials. Bibliographic data, physical characteristics, contents, prices, and ordering instructions are included. Texts are classified under social sciences, language arts, pure science, technology, the arts, literature, and history. For the companion documents se ED 060 716–Ed 060 725, and FL 003 101. (RL)… [PDF]
(1971). Materials Acquisition Project: Volume 1, Number 2. Bibliographic data, physical characteristics, contents, prices, and ordering instructions for Spanish instructional materials listed in this issue of the Materials Acquisition Project are provided for each entry. Subject categories include general works, social science, language arts, pure science, technology, the arts, literature, and history. Materials are classified according to the Dewey decimal system by subject matter, with related subject areas utilized. The annotation is an objective description of materials and often includes suggestions concerning appropriate grade-level and utilization of materials. The bibliographic materials are generally adapted for use by bilingual teachers. Many familiar works included in the compilation have been translated from foreign languages into Spanish. For the companion documents, see FL 002 968 and FL 002 970-FL 002 977. (RL)… [PDF]
(1972). Some Sociological Factors in Educating Bilinguals. The sensitive area of language attitude as it relates to cultural and educational stereotyping should be explored openly and frankly in the classroom to erase false ideas and misbeliefs about language usage. The \Corrective Approach\ in English-as-a-second-language instruction, which assumes that Standard English exists, is necessary for improved intellectual performance, and is best acquired through constant correction, should be abandoned in favor of methods that allow the student to see realistically the role of language in society. This way the student will not be required to judge only himself and his performance against a so-called norm of Standard English, a comparison which reduces the student's opinion of himself and, therefore, his chances of future success. (VM)… [PDF]
ORAL EXPRESSION, REMEDIAL SPEECH AND ENGLISH FOR THE MIGRANT CHILD, GRADES ONE – TWELVE. THIS DOCUMENT ANALYZES A PROGRAM OF ORAL EXPRESSION, PROVIDED IN COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA, TO ASSIST MIGRANT CHILDREN IN (1) SPEAKING ENGLISH FLUENTLY, (2) USING WORDS CORRECTLY, (3) DEVELOPING CORRECT SPEECH HABITS, AND (4) ENCOURAGING SPEECH AND LANGUAGE INTEREST ALONG WITH SELF-EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT. DISCUSSED ARE THE PROGRAM'S GOALS AND THE MATERIALS USED, THE "MIAMI LINGUISTIC READERS" AND THE "FRIES AMERICAN ENGLISH SERIES." THE PUBLICATION PRESENTS OUTLINES WHICH INCLUDE LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, CHORAL READING, AND SPEAKING EXPERIENCES DEVELOPED FOR THE LOWER ELEMENTARY GRADES (1-3), THE UPPER ELEMENTARY GRADES (4-6), THE JUNIOR HIGH GRADES (7-8), AND THE HIGH SCHOOL GRADES (9-12). FUNDAMENTALS OF SPEECH ARE SUBSTITUTED FOR CHORAL READING IN THE HIGH SCHOOL GRADES. (RB)… [PDF]
(2001). Los Compadres: ESL Student Mentor Program. Los Compadres is a program that pairs advanced high school Spanish students with elementary English-as-a-Second-Language native Spanish speakers. Teachers prepare lessons based upon authentic literature, written in English and Spanish, which include vocabulary review and literature response activities. The high school students prepare for the lessons by reading the stories in both languages. Elementary students have the opportunity to have a mentor who is capable of and enthusiastic about speaking their native language and who reads to them in both languages. The mentor models the importance of understanding the reading by engaging in literature response activities while the two interact in both languages. Both students benefit with increased vocabulary, oral communication, listening proficiency, self-esteem, and reading competence. Teachers of both students have many authentic assessment opportunities. Special events focused around Hispanic culture provide an opportunity for… [PDF]
(1998). Economic Approaches to Language and Bilingualism. New Canadian Perspectives. Six essays on the links between official languages and the economy in Canada include: "An Economic Analysis of Language" (Albert Breton); "The Economics of Language in a Virtually Integrated Global Economy" (Richard G. Harris); "Speak and Ye Shall Receive: Language Knowledge as Human Capital" (Krishna Pendakur, Ravi Pendakur); "Bilingualism and Earnings: A Study Based on 1971, 1981, and 1991 Census Data" (Louis N. Christofides, Robert Swidinsky); "Bilingualism in Employee Recruitment and the Role of Symbolic Analysts in Leading Export-Oriented Firms" (Harold Chorney); and "The Contributions of a Minority to its Region: The Case of the Acadians in New Brunswick's South East" (Maurice Beaudin). (MSE)… [PDF]
(1998). Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: An ESL Textbook/Workbook [In Four Volumes]: (1) Teaching Guide; (2) Edition A. Key Vocabulary Words Translated into 6 Languages: Hmong, Laotian, Korean, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Chinese; (3) Edition B. Key Vocabulary Words Translated into 6 Languages: Spanish, Somali, Russian, Farsi, Bosnian, Arabic; (4) Edition C. Key Vocabulary Words Translated in 6 Languages: Spanish, Russian, Bosnian, Somali, Vietnamese, Hmong. Each of these three separately-published textbook/workbook editions on the topic of recycling presents key vocabulary words relating to this topic for English as a Second Language students in six languages. These books are designed to increase students' understanding of what the most typical local recycling rules are, why complying with them is important to their integration into a new community, and why it may be crucial to their family's health. The chapters contain exercises, worksheets, vocabulary words, and photographs. The introductions discuss "What Do 'Reduce,"Reuse,' and 'Recycle' Mean?" There are 11 chapters in each edition: (1) "How Can You Reuse Household Goods, Clothes, and Toys?" (2) "What Can You Recycle at Home? How Do You Recycle It?" (3) "When and Where Do You Recycle?" (4) "What Is Hazardous Waste? What Do Warning Labels Mean?" (5) "How Can You Dispose of Household Hazardous Waste?" (6) "What Should…
(1979). Bilinguismo e immigrazione: una nota sociolinguistica al piano europeo di mantenimento delle lingue nazionali nelle comunita di emigrati (Bilingualism and Immigration: A Sociolinguistic View of the European Plan for the Maintainance of National Languages in Immigrant Communities). Rassegna Italiana di Linguistica Applicata, v11 n3, v12 n1 p243-63 1979-80. Outlines the European Economic Community's (EEC) plan for the maintainance of national languages among immigrants. Describes the variety of objectives behind the EEC's linguistic policy as incompatible with the creation of a unified instructional approach. Emphasizes that dialects spoken within immigrant families create additional problems in learning standard Italian. Suggests realistic goals for Italian language courses. (MES)…
(2003). Learning Climates for English Language Learners: A Case of Fourth-Grade Students in California. Bilingual Research Journal, v27 n2 p207-24 Sum. Interviews with 61 fourth-grade English language learners (ELLs) and native English speakers in an English-only California school district found that compared with weaker ELL readers, ELLs who read English well expressed more confidence about their own primary-language abilities and about others' perceptions of their primary language and language-mixing practices. (Contains 21 references.) (TD)…