(2004). Functions of Code Switching in Schoolchildren's Conversations. Bilingual Research Journal, v28 n1 p77-98 Spr. This study examined the code-switching patterns in the speech of immigrant Spanish-speaking children. Seven- and 10-year-old boys and girls from bilingual classrooms were each paired with a mutually selected friend, and their speech was collected in two contexts: while the children waited for an expected science experiment and when they worked together to follow an instruction worksheet about hands-on magnetic materials. This study presents data on the discourse characteristics of children's code switching, and the functions that Spanish and English have according to context. In addition, the data are described in relation to children's language competence and preference. The study found that code switching occurred both within and across turns. The older children's switches were more frequent and were deployed for a wider variety of functions than the younger children's. The results challenge the negative view that code switching by children who are learning two languages is due to… [Direct]
(1994). Corima: A Bilingual Experiment in the Tarahumara Region in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. How Does It Measure against Transitional Bilingual Programs in the United States?. This report explores two bilingual educational approaches currently in use in Mexico and the United States. The study pursues a limited comparison between two modalities of bilingual instruction, as observed and reported in the consulted literature. The U.S. model featured is known as the two-way bilingual model, an additive approach to instruction. The Mexican Spanish/Tarahumara/Tepehuano bilingual educational model is discussed within the scope of this project. Both countries face the challenge in their educational systems of providing bilingual content area instruction to monolingual populations. Contains 38 references. (EH)… [PDF]
(1992). Academic Excellence Project P.I.A.G.E.T., Cycle I. 1987-1990 Three Year Report of Title VII. Project PIAGET (Promoting Intellectual Adaptation Given Experiential Transforming) is a federally-funded bilingual early childhood and parent program serving limited-English-speaking bilingual children aged 2-8 years and their parents. The project is designed to promote English language and conceptual growth among young children and influence parents' attitudes toward their children's learning and development. The classroom curriculum is organized by subject area and theme, introducing specific concepts at different age levels. Twenty-two teaching strategies are specified for classroom use. Daily activity plans and daily observation cards are used to plan classroom activities and monitor performance. Additional testing helps track overall student progress, and performance of teachers and aides is evaluated through systematic observation. The home component is designed to train parents to be their children's teachers at home through partnership with the school, increase home… [PDF]
(1974). Child Care and the Culturally Different Child. Child Care Quarterly, 3, 4, 214-24, W 74. …
(1986). Theodore Roosevelt High School Project TEACH, 1985-1986. OEA Evaluation Report. Project TEACH (Technological Enrichment and Achievement for Cambodians and Hispanics) aims to facilitate the students' linguistic and cultural adjustment to American society while preparing them to enter the job market. Carried out at Theodore Roosevelt High School (Bronx, New York) Project TEACH provides students new to America with computer and business training in a bilingual setting. Courses offered include English as a second language, Spanish, bilingual content areas, computer technology, and business. This report evaluates the project as of June 1986, after its second year. Included are a description of the project, student profiles, and conclusions and recommendations. Analysis of the program indicates the following: (1) program students surpassed the proposed English language objective; (2) gains for proposed Hispanic native language objectives were statistically significant; (3) students enrolled in mathematics and computer courses surpassed the program objective of a 70…
(1986). Involving LEP Parents. Four community liaisons for public school programs for limited- English-proficient (LEP) populations discuss briefly aspects of parent involvement. Dama Garate describes the populations served by the Trinity-Arlington Project in the Arlington (Virginia) Public Schools and suggests issues to be considered in parent involvement efforts. Pirun Sen of the Portland (Maine) Public Schools focuses on the kinds of parent involvement and parent contact that have been used there and the problems that have arisen. Hiep Tran Thien and N. D. Duong of the Seattle (Washington) Public Schools look at cross-cultural issues in parent involvement and suggest techniques and strategies to get parents involved. Vilay Chaleunrath outlines major barriers to parent participation and recommends activities for drawing parents into a partnership with the schools. The summary of a response by two specialists is also included. (MSE)…
(1986). Increasing Parent Involvement in a First Grade Chapter I Public School Classroom Program. This practicum was designed to increase parental awareness of the importance of participation in a student's "daily" educational program. The specific goal of the practicum was to increase parent involvement in a first-grade Chapter 1 public school classroom program serving predominantly Hispanic American migrant children. It was expected that, as a result of the implementation effort, (1) 85 percent of involved parents would sign students' completed homework and have it returned to the teacher; (2) 85 percent of parents would participate in a parent-teacher conference; (3) 85 percent of parents would sign and return a questionnaire demonstrating evidence of parent participation; and (4) 144 homework assignments would be completed and turned in to the classroom teacher. To address these goals, a highly motivational, structured program was implemented. All projected objectives were achieved. The Parent Questionnaire and a teacher/parent conference summary form are appended….
(1987). Bilingual Vocational Training Program for Chinese Chefs. Curriculum Package. This manual was prepared by the staff of the China Institute's Bilingual Vocational Training Program, which has been in operation since 1975. The document includes a description of the training program for Chinese chefs and the curriculum guide used in the program. Following the introductory section, which describes the program objectives, strategies, logistics, and evaluation, the guide provides a course and content outline for the 20-week course. The course description is followed by 10 appendixes (comprising the bulk of the document) that provide the following: English screening test, vocational course objectives, vocational English as a second language course objectives, recruitment, field practice orientation plan, counseling procedures, job development materials, follow-up form and materials, students' program evaluation form, and a bibliography of texts and resources. Examples of curriculum materials are included. (KC)… [PDF]
(1987). Current Issues in Canadian Education. Based on interviews with 150 persons in departments of education and in national, provincial, and territorial education organizations in Canada's major capital cities, this paper discusses seven vital issues in Canadian education and briefly states seven others. The seven major issues needing resolution concern: (1) the appropriate balance between central and local control of education; (2) the amendment of provincial school legislation according to the principles outlined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; (3) the appropriateness of official language policies for any or all of the provinces; (4) native people's control of their children's education; (5) the amount of provincial resources directed to developing and maintaining multicultural programs in schools; (6) the manner of provincial funding for education; and (7) the justification of private educational alternatives. Other issues include curriculum relevancy and enrichment, school responsibiltiy for controversial…
(1981). Ciencias 2 (Science 2). [Student's Workbook]. Ciencias 2 is the second in a series of elementary science textbooks written for Portuguese-speaking students. The text develops the basic skills that students need to study their surroundings and observe natural facts and phenomena by following scientific methods. The book is composed of 10 chapters and includes 57 lessons. Topics included are environment, the human, air, nutrition, heat, astronomy, soil, magnetism, and measurement. (RH)… [PDF]
(1979). Evaluation of the Bilingual (English-Ukrainian) Program 1978-79. Edmonton Public Schools. A partial immersion bilingual (English-Ukrainian) program was introduced at the Grade 1 level in September 1974 by the Edmonton Public School Board. By September 1979, the program included Grades 1 to 5. A yearly evaluation of the program has been conducted to determine: (1) the students' achievement in mathematics, English, and Ukrainian, (2) the attitudes of parents and program personnel toward the program, and (3) reasons students leave the program. This report is of the evaluation of Grades 2-5. Among the findings of the study are the following: (1) the bilingual program students achieved as well as, or better than, students in the regular program in mathematics and reading; (2) the students are acquiring a degree of proficiency in the Ukrainian language; (3) parents, teachers, and principals agreed that the students are developing an appreciation of the Ukrainian culture; (4) the majority of parents were satisfied with their child's English and Ukrainian academic progress; (5)…
(1981). Multi-Cultural Competency-Based Vocational Curricula. Automotive Mechanics. Multi-Cultural Competency-Based Vocational/Technical Curricula Series. This document, one of eight in a multi-cultural competency-based vocational/technical curricula series, is on automotive mechanics. This program is designed to run 36 weeks and cover 10 instructional areas: the engine; drive trains–rear ends/drive shafts/manual transmission; carburetor; emission; ignition/tune-up; charging and starting; alignment; automatic transmission; brakes; and air conditioning and heating. A duty-task index lists competencies in each instructional area that the student should be able to perform at the end of the program. For example, in the standard and power steering section, a student should be able to (1) check manual steering gear fluid level, and (2) replace belts and adjust tension. In section 1, each instructional task area contains a list of performance objectives, evaluation criterion, performance guide, and a list of tasks to be covered. In section 2, the introduction and duty-task index is repeated in English, Spanish, and Laotian. Section 3 lists…
(1974). An index to the Education Amendments of 1974. A Report to the States. ECS Report No. 60. This is a comprehensive index and summary of the 1974 amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. An introductory section provides an overview of the new legislation and discusses the expected development of new federal regulations to ensure compliance with provisions of the amended Act. The bulk of the report consists of an extensive index that is organized topically. Within each broad topic, subsections are devoted to specific provisions of the Education Amendments of 1974. Each subsection lists applicable sections and page numbers of the law and briefly summarizes relevant provisions. The appendix reproduces a sequential listing of the titles, sections, and subsections of the Amendments and provides the page numbers that were not included in the original government version. (JG)… [PDF]
(1972). Mon pays: Madawaska (My Land: Madawaska). This elementary French textbook was designed for use in a Madawaska, Maine, bilingual program. It contains several reading selections, a dialogue, a poem, arithmetic and social studies lessons, and the music and words for two short songs. Every lesson is illustrated, and several exercises that provide space for the students' written responses are included. (PMP)… [PDF]
(1969). The Language Development Project; A Pilot Study in Language Learning. A New York State Urban Aid Project. Mid-Year Report, February 1969. The Language Development Project is designed to provide assistance to disadvantaged primary-grade children who are learning English as a second language or who use non-standard speech patterns. Materials and special teaching techniques used in the project were originally developed at the Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL) for use with English as a second language learners in San Antonio, Texas. SEDL materials in the areas of \Self-Concept\ and \Science\ were purchased from the Laboratory, and the children use these special language development materials on a daily basis. In addition, they receive assistance in language development during their other instructional time. This document contains a list of schools and staff involved in the project, a schedule of workshops and visitations, an outline of the duties of the demonstration teachers, and a comprehensive evaluation of The Language Development Program's first year (1967-68). See related documents AL 002 353 and… [PDF]