(1979). Language Diversity in Chicano Speech Communities: Implications for Language Teaching. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, No. 54. This paper focuses on language diversity in Chicano speech communities in the United States and its relation to the teaching of Spanish to Chicano bilinguals. Attempts to teach standard Spanish to Spanish-speakers in the United States have been unsuccessful for the most part, because the schools recognize only a single standard of \correctness\ that is not always the same as that used in the communities. Attempts to teach Spanish as a mother tongue to Chicano students are reviewed, and the need to establish guidelines for the evaluation of current positions and programs is addressed. The sociopolitical, socioeconomic, and educational experiences of Chicanos are reviewed based on an assessment of the present sociolinguistic situation of Chicanos. This situation consists of a language repertoire with various codes that depart from the Mexican Spanish linguistic tradition, an asymmetrical type of bilingualism, and the use of Spanish viewed as transitional and not valued in the broader… [PDF]
(1977). Bilingual Mini Schools Tutoring Project. A Bilingual Program (Urban, Rural, Racial Disadvantaged Program Funds). Final Evaluation 1976-77 Program Year. Sixth in a Series of Reports on this Program. Project objectives included: the children would increase their grade equivalent (GE) score in reading and math by one or more months GE for each 20 days of attendance; children dominant in Spanish would have a higher mean score in Spanish than norm group children of comparable age after 100 or more days of attendance; the children's bilingual capability would increase by advancing one or more steps on the project bilingual classification scale after 100 or more days of attendance; children who had attended the program for 100 or more days since February 1975 would show superiority over those of comparable age in the norm group; parents and advisory board members would be active in program management decisions; family members would participate in their children's educational program by acting as teacher or assistant, assisting with cultural heritage activities, or providing support services. During the year, 203 children were served; of these, 199 were Mexican Americans. The reading…
(1970). The Educational Disadvantage of the Indian American Student. The main body of this research synthesis serves to point out research findings regarding the educationally disadvantaged Indian American school children. The decade of the 1960's is noted to be the significant period in bringing to the attention of educators and the American public the educational problems facing the Indian American. Some of the factors reported to be the underlying causes for the educational retardation of the Indian children include (1) the Federal Government's policy of coercive assimilation which has resulted in disorganization of the Indian communities, (2) a lack of self-fulfillment of Indian students at every age level, (3) the negative self-images of the Indian students, and (4) a lack of understanding of cultural differences on the part of many schools. The study cites the efforts of some schools to combat this problem through implementation of programs that are bicultural and bilingual in nature. The bibliography lists 153 relevant documents, the contents… [PDF]
(2000). Preparing Teachers for Diversity: A Dilemma of Quality and Quantity. Teaching and California's Future. This report explores the absence in educational reform of attention to preparing teachers to work with culturally and linguistically diverse students, focusing on: characteristics of California's existing student and teacher populations; teacher supply and demand and its consequences; the effects of teachers on student performance; preparing mainstream teachers to meet the challenges of diversity; attributes of effective teachers in multicultural settings; practices of effective teachers for diverse learners; unique skills and attributes of effective teachers of English language learners; preparation for teachers of culturally and linguistically diverse students; teacher preparation programs and teacher quality; the role of professional development; bilingual teacher preparation and professional development; and efforts to increase the quality and quantity of California teachers. The report notes the lack of minority group teachers in California schools and concludes that…
(1996). The Social Studies Video Project: A Holistic Approach for Teaching Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students. Social Studies, v87 n3 p106-12 May-Jun. Describes a class project conducted by multiethnic, limited English speaking, fifth-grade students. The students produced their own videos as part of lessons they developed about their countries of origin. Maintains that this process increases language and social skills while it develops social studies content. (MJP)…
(1996). Third Grade: Planning Lessons for Change and Continuity. Social Studies Review, v36 n1 p28-34 Fall. Outlines the instructional strategies that overcame the language difficulties of a Hispanic/Anglo third grade social studies class. The class focused on local history in Pasadena, California which required competence in both Spanish and English. Includes instructional materials, graphic organizers, and guidelines for further units. (MJP)…
(1995). The Continuum of Literacy in American Indian Communities. Bilingual Research Journal, v19 n1 p5-15 Win. Describes the O'odham language and oral tradition of the Tohono O'odham Indians of southern Arizona, relating it to the development of O'odham children's English literacy. Oral tradition and school literacy constitute opposite ends of a literacy continuum, in which English literacy is often isolated from and in conflict with O'odham literacy. (10 references) (MDM)…
(1992). Evaluation of Transitional and Maintenance Bilingual Programs. Urban Education, v27 n3 p263-90 Oct. Studies the long-term effects of transitional (TBE) and maintenance (MBE) bilingual instructional programs on development of native and English oral language proficiency for 125 TBE-instructed Vietnamese and 298 MBE-instructed Hispanic American children from kindergarten through second grade. Discusses significant findings on positive and negative effects of TBE and MBE. (SLD)…
(1993). Language Learning Down Under: Community Language Programs in the Primary School. Multicultural Teaching to Combat Racism in School and Community, v11 n3 p25-28 Sum. Describes the second-language and native language maintenance programs of Brunswick North Primary School (Australia), a school that offers its students opportunities to learn Turkish, Italian, Greek, or Arabic. An integrated curriculum ensures that students acquire or maintain a language other than English. (SLD)…
(1995). Advocating for Hispanic High School Students: Research-Based Educational Practices. High School Journal, v78 n4 p206-14 Apr-May. High schools can have a positive effect on Hispanic students' academic success by cultivating an advocacy-oriented school environment that implements effective practices in four areas: dropout prevention, effective instruction, psychoeducational assessment, and understanding and easing the acculturation process. Contains 47 references. (TD)…
(1998). Reaching Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Young Learners with Disabilities. TESOL Journal, v7 n4 p10-17 Sum. Describes how cross-over training and a whole-school approach help preschool educators assist disabled students who have not yet acquired their native language, examining New York's English-as-a Second-Language/Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Training Program for Pre-K Special Education Personnel, which trains preschool personnel to meet culturally and linguistically diverse students' social, emotional, and academic needs. (SM)…
(2000). Helping Hispanic Students Reach High Academic Standards: An Idea Book. This report is part of a series of Idea Books designed to help schools and communities work together to strengthen education so all students can achieve high academic standards. It is specifically designed to help administrators and teachers seeking to understand how Title I, Title VII, and other programs assist educators in helping Hispanic students and Spanish-speaking English language learners achieve high standards. It describes promising practices that have been proven effective, illustrating how they can operate in schools and other community settings with Hispanic students. The book describes how effective schools serve Hispanic students in four ways: implementing effective, aligned, standards-based programs; building teacher and organizational capacity to serve Hispanic students; using family and community resources; and building firm foundations for postsecondary education. Each section of the book ends with a checklist that educators can use to see how well their schools… [PDF]
(1974). Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1975. Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session. Part 5, Office of Education. In this volume, the Commissioner of Education, Dr. John Ottina, and the Director of the National Institute of Education (NIE), Dr. Thomas K. Glennan, Jr., present their budget proposals for fiscal year 1975 and discuss the numerous programs under their direction. The material in this volume consists of formal, prepared material concerning the programs and dialogue between members of the committee and staff members of OE and NIE. (JF)… [PDF]
(1994). To Examine and Plan for Occupational Requisites and Employment (Project EXPLORE). Final Evaluation Report, 1993-94. OER Report. To Examine and Plan for Occupational Requisites and Employment (Project EXPLORE) was an Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title VII-funded program in its fifth and final year at Long Island City and Aviation High Schools in Queens (New York). Project EXPLORE served 510 mainly Spanish-, Korean-, Vietnamese-, Mandarin-, and Cantonese-speaking students of limited English proficiency with fewer than 2 years in English-speaking schools. Students received instruction in English as a second language (ESL) and native language arts, as well as support services including curriculum development, staff development, and parent involvement activities. The project met its ESL objectives and almost all others, although one parent involvement objective could not be evaluated. The development of curriculum materials was a particularly effective component, highlighted by a Chinese science review. Nine tables present evaluation findings. Two appendixes describe instructional materials and class… [PDF]
(1993). Hispanic Participation at Educational Institutions. This report provides an overview of Hispanic participation in education at the national level, in the state of Wisconsin, and in the Wisconsin Technical Colleges (WTCs). The first section provides national statistics, indicating that in 1990 Hispanics had a high school completion rate of 54.9%, more than 20 points below Black and 30 points below White completion rates, and that Hispanics aged 18 through 24 had an educational participation rate of 18%. Next, 1990 data for Wisconsin reveal that 42% of the state's Hispanics are age 17 and younger. The next section discusses the status of Hispanics in Milwaukee County, reviewing declining high school completion rates and an increase in dropouts and suspensions. The following sections examine the lack of English proficiency among minority groups; the status of limited-English-proficient students at Milwaukee Area Technical College; characteristics of Hispanics in Milwaukee County, reviewing issues related to poverty, employment, and… [PDF]