(1978). Training Prosocial Behavior in Preschool Children. In a single case study which incorporated a reversal within a multiple-baseline-across-subjects design, two women presented individual children (N=3) with eight natural-appearing opportunities to behave prosocially in each session (two opportunities each of helping, sharing, teaching, and sympathy). The training procedure involved a standardized package consisting of modeling, an instructional prompt, and praise. Results indicated that during four training sessions, all children increased their rate of prosocial responding over baseline levels. A reversal session dropped the average level of responding from 91% to 54%. On the fifth and final training session, all children responded on 100% of the prosocial opportunities. A final two days of baseline produced a gradual return to the original pretraining levels in two subjects, but the third subject continued to respond on 75% of the prosocial opportunities through the final baseline session. These results demonstrate the efficacy of…
(1974). Compensatory Education in Michigan: The Politics of Program Implementation. This study examines the politics of program implementation in Michigan. It focuses on relations between the Michigan Department of Education and the state's local school districts in the administration of state aid for compensatory education. With its accountability emphasis and with the many administrative issues that have characterized its development over the years, the Michigan program offers an instructive test of the leadership capacity of the state education agency. The article focuses on the interplay of state and local power in determining the direction of the compensatory implementation process and the effect of an administrative bargaining game on interpretations of the law. The Michigan data is examined in terms of Morton Grodzins's "sharing" interpretation of intergovernmental relations in which a structure of fragmented, yet coordinate, government supposedly ensures both central control and diversity. The discussion reveals the obstacles to reform that are… [PDF]
(1978). Local Monopoly in the Newspaper Industry: Some Skepticism about Its Economic Inevitability and Governmental Embrace. This is one of several papers presented at a Federal Trade Commission Symposium on Media Concentration. Local newspaper monopolies exist in over 97% of U. S. cities. However, inevitable economic forces are not the only cause of monopoly as some have suggested. Two other contributors to monopoly have been economic practices by daily newspapers and governmental intervention in the economics of daily newspapers. While various economic practices have encouraged monopoly, combination rate structures have been especially instrumental. Combination rates are for space sold simultaneously in both a morning and evening newspaper, published by either a single owner or by two publishers operating under a joint operating agreement. The intent behind the rates not only reflects a philosophy of reduced combination costs, but makes the combination a must-buy, eliminating competition. With the Newspaper Preservation Act, Congress has created an antitrust exemption for the joint-operating agreements…
(1977). A Method for the Use of Computing in a Conventional Calculus Course. An experiment at Boston University was designed to demonstrate that the computer can be successfully integrated into the traditional introductory calculus course. Over half of the students in an introductory course in 1976 voluntarily participated in a programming project involving applications of the concepts to be studied during the semester. All work was to be done on the University's IBM 370/158 time sharing system, whose interactive terminals are available at many locations across the campus. Student response to the projects at the end of the semester was very positive. The projects also resulted in very little out-of-class demand on the instructor's time. (Author/CMV)…
(1969). MARC and the Library Service Center: Automation at Bargain Rates. Despite recent research and development in the field of library automation, libraries have been unable to reap the benefits promised by technology due to the high cost of building and maintaining their own computer-based systems. Time-sharing and disc mass storage devices will bring automation costs, if spread over a number of users, within the range of economic feasibility. Now, the distribution of the Machine Readable Cataloging Code (MARC) II tapes by the Library of Congress is dramatically cutting the costs for data conversion. The combination of these advances is about to open up the automated library services market for serious business. (Author/MF)… [PDF]
(1976). TRAIDEX Needs and Implementation Study. Final Report (April 1975-April 1976). An information system, called the Training Resource Applications and Information Data Exchange (TRAIDEX) system, was designed to allow developers of military technical training courses to have access to an automated catalog of validated course units that are available for interservice sharing. The design is based upon the information needs of technical course developers as revealed by a series of field interviews at over a dozen training headquarters, development sites, and research facilities in three services. The automated catalog allows inquirers to search for units of previously developed technical training courseware based on index descriptors. A cost-benefit analysis of the program was undertaken. (EMH)… [PDF]
(2005). Leading Coherently: Reflections from Leaders around the World. SAGE Publications (CA) \Leading Coherently\ draws insight from 36 exemplary leaders to describe a natural and potent relationship between leadership formation, performance, and sustainability. Through sharing their leadership stories, leaders from across the globe reveal prominent themes about how leaders are formed to the role of influencing others toward the achievement of goals. Leaders also reveal how leaders perform such influence on others, and how leaders sustain themselves and their leadership influence over time and adversity. After a Prologue (\The Quest\) and an Introduction (\Talking Leadership\), the book is organized into four parts: (1) Leadership Formed; (2) Leadership Performed; (3) Leadership Sustained; and (4) Leadership Learned. An Epilogue (\The Quest\) concludes the book…. [Direct]
(2004). Promoting a Self-Sustaining Learning Community: Investigating an Internal Model for Teacher Development. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, v17 n2 p247-264 Mar-Apr. The authors report an investigation of a five-step structured study-group approach to promoting a self-sustaining learning community that supports teachers in developing the \habits of mind\ necessary for improving literacy acquisition and development for urban African American students attending a low-performing, high-poverty elementary school. The authors report that over a two-year time period the conversations among the teachers at the study-group meetings changed to be more positive about the children, to make linkages between themselves and the culture the children bring to school, to enthusiasm for sharing their own strategies and engaging in public reflection, and collaborating in developing new instructional approaches…. [Direct]
(2007). Teacher Teams That Get Results: 61 Strategies for Sustaining and Renewing Professional Learning Communities. Corwin Press Sustaining results-oriented team efforts is hard work, and achieving diversified solutions to complex issues over time requires commitment an creativity. To support the momentum of learning communities, this book provides an illustrated collection of ready-to-use tools and examples of plans in action for results-oriented faculty and staff. Focusing on the where, what, why, how, and when to use each of the 61 strategies, best-selling authors Gayle H. Gregory and Lin Kuzmich off the tools a team needs to succeed. The reader will learn to: (1) Create and sustain a growth-oriented climate that encourages feedback and builds trust; (2) Share knowledge and skills to expand and optimize results; (3) Build resilience, develop creative solutions, and manage change; and (4) Determine priorities and create excellence when goal setting, tying data to practice, and analyzing results. An indispensable guide for teachers, teacher leaders, and school administrators, this handbook is ideal for… [Direct]
(2007). Programmed Instruction for Teaching Java: Consideration of Learn Unit Frequency and Rule-Test Performance. Behavior Analyst Today, v8 n1 p70-88. At the beginning of a Java computer programming course, nine students in an undergraduate class and nine students in a graduate class completed a web-based programmed instruction tutoring system that taught a simple computer program. All students exited the tutor with an identical level of skill, at least as determined by the tutor's required terminal performance, which involved writing the program and passing multiple-choice tests on the program's elements. Before entering and after exiting the tutor, students completed a test of rule-based performance that required applications of general programming principles to solve novel problems. In both classes, the number of correct rule answers observed before entering the tutor did not predict the number of learn units that students subsequently used to complete the tutor. However, the frequency of learn units was inversely related to post-tutor rule-test performance, i.e., as the number of learn units used in the tutor increased over… [PDF]
(2006). A Financial Perspective: Categories of Higher Education Institutions. Frontiers of Education in China, v1 n4 p475-486 Dec. From a financial perspective, the criteria for category distinction of higher education institutions should be based on the ownership of institution property and income for recurrent expenditure. The development of modern higher education witnessed the period wherein higher education institutions have both private property and private payment for recurrent expenditure. The development also saw the period wherein all the institution properties were owned by the state and all the recurrent expenditure were paid by the government. Accordingly, universities could be divided into two categories of "public" and "private" institutions until the 1970s. However, things have been changing greatly over the past 20 years. Property ownership and payment for recurrent expenditure have been separated. The public institutions appeal to more and more individuals sharing recurrent expenditure, while private institutions ask for more and more public financial support. Therefore,… [Direct]
(2006). Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group (the "Follett") Report: The Contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee. Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, v40 n4 p311-314. Purpose: This article aims to look into a review of library provision in higher education, which was originally set up in 1992 by The Funding Councils of England, Scotland and Wales, and the Department of Education for Northern Ireland. Design/methodology/approach: The review group was structured into three sub-committees, under the umbrella of the main review committee. The responsibilities of these sub-committees were respectively: funding and resources; the management of libraries; and information technology (IT). Findings: The report supported the need for: the electronic delivery of documents over networks; the electronic availability of teaching materials for students; the opportunities for resource sharing and practical co-operation; and an integrated approach to information access and delivery in a complex environment. Funding was also made available to help supply these findings. Originality/value: It was intended that the programme should raise awareness, encourage use of… [Direct]
(2006). The Community Barometer: A Breast Health Needs Assessment Tool for Community-Based Organizations. Health Education & Behavior, v33 n5 p558-573. This article presents findings from the ACCESS Project focusing on the impact of an outreach initiative that used \data sharing\ as a mechanism to establish a wide variety of academic-community partnerships for cancer awareness. The Community Barometer, a brief needs assessment tool developed for this purpose, was used to collect data from clients, and sometimes staff members, of a variety of community-based organizations in New York City. Over a 5-year period, Barometer data were collected from 1,001 women who were affiliated with 20 community-based organizations. Analysis of these data supported our hypothesis that community-based organizations are more likely than chance to serve women with similar needs and preferences for breast health education and screening and that customized or tailored programs were warranted. Four case studies are presented. Limitations of the instrument and its administration in community settings as well as future research objectives are discussed…. [Direct]
(1980). Electronic Mail Among University Training Centers. A Demonstration in National Network Building. Report R-49. The activities described in this report were part of a demonstration project designed to test the feasibility of using electronic messages to support information and resources exchange among professionals who serve the developmentally disabled (DD). The one year demonstration included the participation of 26 university based centers across the United States and over 40 of their staff members. The centers which participated are designed to provide training, research and clinical experiences for their professionals working in the DD field. Information sharing revolved around the needs of agencies, and typical messages consisted of updates on events of professional importance as they occurred in Washington, exchange of specific research articles and information on current research, announcements of continuing education opportunities, and job availability announcements. As a result of the demonstration project, a permanent network was developed that now links over 30 university based…
(1986). H.R. 2823-The University Research Facilities Revitalization Act of 1985. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology of the Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session, July 30; October 22, 24, 30, l985. No. 63. Perspectives on the conditions of academic research facilities and the various funding mechanisms proposed for modernizing them are offered in this report on the University Research Facilities Revitalization Act of l985 (H.R. 2823). Major components of this bill include: (l) the creation of a university and college research laboratory modernization program in each of the six leading federal Research and Development (R&D) agencies; (2) an authorization of start-up funds for the programs and changes in R&D agency budgets for systematic facility renewal; (3) provisions which assure that large, well established research universities are not favored over smaller or newly emerging academic institutions; (4) plans for cost-sharing programs with federal contributions of approximately 5 billion dollars over ten years and 5 billion in nonfederal funds; and (5) use of a program of matching federal grants. Testimonies addressing these issues and the impact of research facilities on the… [PDF]