(2011). The Role of Education in Driving Conflict and Building Peace: The Case of Rwanda. Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education, v41 n2 p267-282 Jun. This article considers the relationship between education, conflict, and peacebuilding in Rwanda. First, it examines the role that education played in the lead-up to the 1994 genocide, discussing whether and how the low levels of educational attainment, inequalities of access, curricular content, and teaching methods contributed to the conditions for violence. It then looks at approaches to rebuilding the education sector since 1994. Despite significant progress, for example in widening access and achieving gender parity at primary level, three significant challenges remain. First, educational opportunity continues to be unequal in the post-primary sector, with disparities of access between rich and poor, a severe lack of alternative and non-formal educational opportunities, and some ethnic dimensions to the disparities. Second, tensions remain over history teaching due to government attempts to impose a single "official" narrative of Rwanda's history. Finally, teaching… [Direct]
(1976). Peace Education in American Schools: An Unmet Need. Humanist Educator, 15, 1, 4-10, Sep 76. This article points out that aggression has had a positive value throughout American history and continues to be an important part of the culture and value system. The author traces the forms that aggression takes and suggests ways of incorporating values of peace and cooperation into the schools. (NG)…
(1993). Celebrating African-American Traditions: Justice and Peace Education. Momentum, v24 n4 p71-72 Nov-Dec. Suggests Kwanzaa activities for family members, students, teachers, and/or children related to the African tradition of Nguzo Saba (the Seven Principles): Umoja (unity), Kujichagulia (self-determination), Ujima (collective work and responsibility), Ujamma (cooperative economics), Nia (purpose), Kuumba (creativity), and Imani (faith). (AC)…
(2012). Connecting with the Well-Elderly through Reminiscence: Analysis of Lived Experience. Educational Gerontology, v38 n8 p576-582. Reminiscing is a therapeutic nursing intervention for older adults. Nursing students and elders who participated in reminiscing interviews were excited by this activity. Researchers across disciplines collaborated in this qualitative research project to clarify the meaning and experience of reminiscing for the student and the diverse elder. Following the student-elder interview, researchers conducted unstructured interviews with a purposive sample of students and elder participants. Four patterns emerged: discovery of the value of intergenerational interaction and relationships; rejection of stereotypes; a willingness to overcome painful aspects of reminiscence; and gerotranscendence wisdom and peace. These findings have implications for nursing education, nursing practice, and further research…. [Direct]
(1986). Values and Nuclear War Education: Is Teaching a Subversive Activity?. Discussion and analysis of the nature of conservative criticisms of nuclear war education and of the peace issue in general are provided in this paper. The general theme of the conservative criticism is that the proponents of such courses are deliberately serving the interests of the Soviet Union by subverting the morality of students away from the traditional American mainstream. The paper also suggests research strategies to empirically address the criticisms raised concerning nuclear war education. Nine students in a nuclear war course at Lewis-Clark State College (Idaho) were administered the Rokeach Value Survey and the Modified World Affairs Questionnaire. The results (which should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size) suggest that nuclear war education has had the effect of leading students more toward the \mainstream\ of popular thinking, and that although the broad amount of substantive knowledge obtained by these students in economics, physics,…
(2015). Aligning Olympic Education with the Liberal Arts: A Curriculum Blueprint from Taiwan. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, v20 n5 p474-489. Background: For some time the Olympics have enjoyed a relatively cosy, and quite unsurprising, relationship with Physical Education and its practitioners. Yet, as academics continue their critiques of all matters Olympic, this seemingly symbiotic partnership is being placed under much closer scrutiny. The debates are typically orientated around several key concerns, namely, the vagaries of Olympic discourse, the implicit assumptions that align Olympic idealism with "good" moral education, the relevance of Olympic values in young peoples' lives, the Olympic industry's politicizing/colonizing of educational domains, and the utility of Olympic ideals for affecting social, cultural, and (physical) educational change. One other discussion thread, which we add to in this paper, has been the (in)congruencies between Olympic idealism and non-Western cultural contexts and educational frameworks. Combined, the scholarly voices essentially encourage theorists and practitioners to… [Direct]
(2014). Fundamentalism or Pluralism: Iranian Youth's Orientation. British Journal of Religious Education, v36 n3 p298-314. Islamic fundamentalism is an extreme perception of Islam that views "the 'Other' as the enemy demonized" against the "West", which also views the Muslim "enemy within". In contrast, pluralism perceives 'others' as different people, with different values from us. While the fundamentalist seeks to engage in war with the enemy/other, pluralism tolerates difference/conflict with others in peace and in the spirit of mutual acceptance. This article spells out the potential contributions to research regarding fundamentalism stemming from different approaches in Iran. Drawing on data collected from 31 individual in-depth interviews with Tehranian high school students and 206 questionnaires that were filled in by students who were randomly selected from 4 of 19 zones of Education in Tehran, their perceptions about pluralism and fundamentalism will be presented. The aim is to help move debate about fundamentalism beyond the pejorative labelling and to explore the… [Direct]
(1990). Educational Broadcasting and Distance Education as a Strategy for Revitalizing Education of the Disadvantaged. For developing nations, education can equalize opportunities, especially for the deprived and disadvantaged, and therefore must be delivered with efficiency and quality. Conventional ways of spreading education are proving to be inadequate in the face of rapidly expanding populations. There is a marked need to supplement formal schooling with nonformal education, distance education, and out-of-school education. Education for the complete person should be the goal. New systems of education must be developed to promote self-reliance, encourage community participation, and strengthen positive humanism for the goals of improving the quality of life and developing peace. A silent revolution in education is taking place all over the world as distance education emerges as an alternative system. Perhaps the most important group to target are illiterates because their numbers are increasing and because literacy can be linked to vocational education. Through the use of new communications… [PDF]
(1971). Meetings of the 1970-71 War/Peace Curriculum Implementation Committee. Workshop Report. This document reports on second year meetings of a curriculum development project in the war/peace field; SO 001 259 is the first year's report. Twenty-two teachers of English, science, and social studies participated for an introduction to the Project and its goals, and for experience in a conflict simulation game. Other purposes were to: 1) test the application of a new set of criteria for evaluating the value and political assumptions of resource materials and to demonstrate the necessity for such criteria; 2) outline the resources available; 3) present an introductory outline of the technical aspects of curriculum development. The simulation game is described in detail and summary of the discussion on social crisis in the United States is included. Appendices present sample questions from the resource evaluation, and guidelines for preparing a teaching-learning unit. The second workshop was devoted to developing objectives, techniques, and content of interdisciplinary units on… [PDF]
(1991). Telecommunications: Working To Enhance Global Understanding and Peace Education. This paper describes educational activities that make use of microcomputers and information networks to link elementary and secondary students electronically using telecommunications, i.e., communication across distances using personal computers, modems, telephone lines, and computer networks. Efforts to promote global understanding and awareness are also described, with emphasis on teacher and educator cooperation in international distance education projects that focus on cultural similarities and differences as well as issues of importance such as world peace, the Gulf War, management of global water resources, and the plight of the homeless. It is noted that students from Australia, the Soviet Union, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Israel, the United States, Norway, and many other countries have engaged in dialogues via telecommunication media, and that, in most countries, the primary obstacle to participating in an international project is funding. Other obstacles cited… [PDF]
(2022). High-School Students' Perception of the American War through Literature: A Case Study from H? Ch√≠ Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of Peace Education, v19 n1 p91-121. The present case study explores the reception of American War literature among Vietnamese high-school students. In April and May 2020, seventy-seven seventeen-year-old students from "L√™ H?ng Phong High School for the Gifted" (H? Ch√≠ Minh City) participated in this study by answering Google form surveys about literary texts that form part of the Vietnamese national curriculum. The main findings show that 86% of the students deem it necessary to study literary works about the American War because of the historical and documentary value they provide. A vast majority of participants (95%) would be interested in reading literary texts written by American authors to learn about the war from a transnational perspective. This would require an alternative approach to the teaching of the American War in general, and its literary works in particular, with a revision of the national curriculum to include a wider variety of texts and authors…. [Direct]
(2022). Schoolwide Critical Restorative Justice. Journal of Peace Education, v19 n1 p1-24. How can restorative justice, an increasingly common alternative to zero tolerance discipline, serve as an opportunity to both close the racial discipline gap and promote more critical awareness of structural inequality? Using Knight and Wadhwa's (2014) concept of critical restorative justice, I analyzed interviews with youth leaders and staff at one urban charter high school who strove to implement schoolwide restorative justice practices with an explicit lens toward resisting structural oppression and the schools to prison pipeline. Despite evidence of this explicit commitment, participants still tended to favor exclusionary discipline, particularly to maintain order. It may benefit leaders to anticipate the countervailing pressures they will encounter as they try to enact restorative justice practices within districts and communities that are accustomed to punishment and order as markers of 'good' leadership. There also needs to be a greater emphasis on the words and deeds that… [Direct]
(2022). Exploring Student Teachers' Development of Intercultural Understanding in Teacher Education Practice. Journal of Peace Education, v19 n1 p47-66. Teachers' intercultural understanding has a growing importance in teacher education. In a society with more diverse classrooms, there is an increasing need for teachers with a broad intercultural understanding. Student teachers who have had school practice in different cultural settings have a broader understanding of their multicultural pupils and are better equipped for related challenges and opportunities. This is paramount in classrooms including pupils of migrant and refugee backgrounds. In the field, there has been a growing understanding for this matter and there have been multiple studies of multicultural student teacher practice. However, further research is needed to understand the competence student teachers get from diverse school practice. Therefore, our focus is to explore to what extent student teachers can gain intercultural competence and professional development from practice in different cultural contexts…. [Direct]
(2012). Rethinking the Mission of Internationalization of Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, v42 n3 p439-459. This article adopts the critical theory approach to reflect and analyse the impacts of globalization on the internationalization process of higher education in the Asia-Pacific region. It argues that globalization forces many of the higher education institutions in the region to follow global practices and ideologies of the Anglo-American paradigm without developing their own unique systems and honouring the rich cultures of their own countries. While higher education institutions are indulging in internationalization in terms of marketization and economic pragmatism, they have to ask themselves, "What is missing in the process of internationalization?" This article argues that internationalization of higher education contributes to building more than economically competitive and politically powerful states. It represents a commitment to the development of an internationalized curriculum where the pursuit of global citizenship, human harmony and a climate of global peace is… [Direct]
(2013). The Role of Comparative Religion Curricula in Intra-Inter Civilizational Dialogue. Religious Education, v108 n1 p28-40. Comparative Religion is seen as an important curricula because it could serve as a mechanism for enhancing cross-cultural religious communication. The authors seek to examine the role of Comparative Religion as an important science for enhancing dialogue skills. Such a communication skill, however, must be developed from both intra- and inter-civilizational levels. The authors have employed an historical and textual analysis to re-examine Comparative Religion and its methodology. The authors proposed new curricula in Comparative Religion studies including criticism of the methodologies used in Comparative Religion. This includes a new methodology that considers the existing multicultural religious phenomenon as well as post-September 11, 2001 developments and the plans for departmentalization of Comparative Religion. For further benefit toward peace, harmony, and accepting co-existence, this study also highlights suggestions for developing the undergraduate and postgraduate programs… [Direct]