Sahin, Mehmet; Seker, Faruk Salih (2020). Why Is It Hard to Be Different?. Online Submission, European Journal of Education Studies v7 n6 p259-273. The aim of the article titled "Why is it difficult to be different?" is to analyze the matter of "Living rights and educational rights of the disabled students", which is hushed up although frequently witnessed in our living quarters, through a real life scenario. It also aims to emphasize that it is necessary to identify the responsible ones for the problems experienced by autistic students and their families and the situation caused by those who are reported in news in the printed media, and to point out enforcement of laws thereof. In this article, descriptive survey method was used as a method. The concepts of booing, autistic, student and scandal in Aksaray are discussed after searching for them in newspapers, websites and television news. As evidenced in the recent incident in Turkey, the lack of primary-school inclusive educational support in mainstream education services is a major drawback. The effects of the said drawback are amplified by the inadequate… [PDF]

Cho, Hyo-Je (2019). Rethinking Democracy and Human Rights Education on the Seventieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Asia Pacific Education Review, v20 n2 p171-180 Jun. The paper outlines the usefulness and challenges of teaching the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) to the young generation of the twenty-first century. Reflecting on the author's experience of engaging university students the paper shares with readers some personal lessons on the subject. A brief history of the UDHR in the past seven decades will be outlined with a crucial question of why the promise of human rights has not been fulfilled as expected despite the proliferation of international legal standards since the foundation of the UDHR. In so doing I would like to shift the focus of human rights discourse away from the conventional legal-institutional one toward the conditions and contexts in which human rights could be conceptualized and realized. As a way of suggesting an alternative path to the realization of human rights through the lens of education I will discuss the structural literacy, global and ecological citizenship, and peace-rights nexus and solidarity…. [Direct]

Clarken, Rodney H. (1986). Achieving Peace through Education. While it is generally agreed that peace is desirable, there are barriers to achieving a peaceful world. These barriers are classified into three major areas: (1) an erroneous view of human nature; (2) injustice; and (3) fear of world unity. In a discussion of these barriers, it is noted that although the consciousness and conscience of the world is developing to the point where it will no longer tolerate violence and injustice, fear of world government is deeply felt and is almost universal. The role of education in overcoming these fears and barriers to peace are discussed. The history of education is described as an evolving process of teaching ever-expanding concepts of citizenship and knowledge. Examples are given of models that may serve as guides to developing, through education, the means of overcoming resistance to the avenues that will lead to world peace. The United Nations is cited as an example of world cooperation, and the federation of states in the United States is… [PDF]

Gardner, Ryan S.; Soules, Kate; Valk, John (2017). The Urgent Need for Teacher Preparation in Religious and Secular Worldview Education. Religious Education, v112 n3 p242-254. In a world that is becoming increasingly globalized, it is ironic–as well as unfortunate and sometimes tragic–that secular and religious worldview education is decreasing, in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. This article argues for the immediate need for programs that intentionally prepare teachers for all aspects of the educational workforce to reverse this trend. Teachers who are well prepared to help students understand, respect, appreciate, and learn from others with differing worldviews will help produce a generation of citizens who will promote greater respect, tolerance, harmony, and peace on school campuses (at all levels), in the workplace, in neighborhoods, within nations domestically, and in the global community…. [Direct]

Lambert, Jared; Ritchie, Jenny (2018). Pedagogical Strategies That Support Young Children's Civic Action: An Example from Aotearoa. Early Childhood Folio, v22 n2 p8-13. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti, 2001) highlights our role as educators in the "preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples" (Article 29(1)(d)). "Te Whariki" (Ministry of Education, 2017) requires kaiako to view young children as both local kaitiaki and as global citizens. In a recent study we sought to understand how young children might enact such citizenship rights through the demonstration of civic action; that is, actions in support of those in the community of their early childhood care and education setting. Key findings were the wide range of such actions performed spontaneously by young children, and the significant role of the teachers in proactively modelling and fostering foundational dispositions of empathy, kindness, caring, and co-operation through adopting a team… [Direct]

Maudarbux, Mohammad Belall (2016). Interreligious Education: Conceptualising a Needs Assessment Framework for Curriculum Design in Plural Societies (with Special Reference to Mauritius). International Review of Education, v62 n4 p459-481 Aug. The growing debate on intercultural and interreligious dialogue has one major drawback: how to translate academic and theoretical contributions into practical tools for educators and policy makers. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a transferable "needs assessment model" based on five criteria and twenty measurable indicators of interreligious relations within a country. Using the example of Mauritius, a densely multilingual and multireligious country, the paper gives an inside view of the preparations which led to the launch of an innovative "Peace and Interfaith Studies" course at the University of Mauritius in 2010. The author was himself involved first as a curriculum consultant and then as a project manager of this course at the Council of Religions in Mauritius. After clarifying the differences between related concepts like multicultural education, intercultural education and religious education, the author defines "interreligious… [Direct]

Balch, David E.; Patino, I. F. (1997). Learning Online: A 20th Century Zen Experience. California's Rio Hondo Community College (RHCC) began developing on-line programs in response to rapidly approaching external changes affecting education and training. These changes included reduced funding for expansion, increased needs for inservice training, increasing numbers of adult students, and the growth of computer technologies and the Internet. Current distance learning applications allow colleges to combine new roles for teachers and learners, new learning paradigms, and technology that increases speed and accessibility. In developing the new program, however, planners at RHCC faced immediate resistance to change among faculty and staff. In addition, the following issues and obstacles had to be addressed: (1) gaining the support of key administrators; (2) convincing faculty, the Academic Senate, and the college's Curriculum Committee that distance learners would receive the same support and quality instruction as on-campus learners; (3) obtaining the support and… [PDF]

Odubo, Festus E.; Tobor, John O. (2016). Nigeria's Amnesty Program: An Educational and Cultural Perspective. African Educational Research Journal, v4 n1 p1-7 Feb. The residents of the Niger Delta endure extreme poverty, polluted environments, poor infrastructure, and high unemployment in spite of their abundant resources. In the early 1990s, these problems led to a violent uprising against oil exploration. In 2009, the federal government of Nigeria attempted to end the uprising by implementing an amnesty program for the militants that was designed to address the region's problems. Studies indicate that education and culture are effective tools that can be used to guide social change efforts to build healthy, sustainable, and just communities in the Niger Delta region and thus bring about peace to that part of Nigeria. A better understanding of the importance of education and culture of the inhabitants of the Niger Delta region may be useful to key decision or policy makers who will be involved in creating policies that will address core reasons for the incessant turmoil and turbulence that have persisted in the last several years. Failure to… [PDF]

(1993). Learning To Live in Harmony and Diversity: Focus on Human Rights Education. ASPBAE Courier, n57 Dec. This special issue centers around the theme of education for peace and human rights. It contains materials concerning the practice of adult education in the Asian-South Pacific region. The journal contains 15 papers. The following papers provide regional perspectives: "Learning to Live in Harmony and Diversity" (editorial) (Rajesh Tandon); "Human Rights Education as a Human Right" (workshop report); "Human Rights Teaching Programmes: Specific Problems and Scope" (Anand Swaroop Verma); "Human Rights Education and Social Awareness Raising Programme" (Sushil Pyakural); "Legal Literacy, Human Rights Education, and Paralegal Training in Sri Lanka" (Kalyananda Tiranagama); "Human Rights and the Third World" (Deepika Udagama); "Peace and Human Rights Education: A South Pacific Perspective" (Joseph C. Veramu). The following papers are classified from an international perspective: "IMF [International Monetary Fund],… [PDF]

(1982). Peace Corps Stateside Teacher Training For Volunteers in Liberia. Volume III: Training Program for Vocational Education Teachers (Group B). Final Report. The stateside training program for Peace Corps vocational education teachers on their way to Liberia has the objectives of developing an awareness of and competencies in the areas of: (1) writing performance-based objectives; (2) completing a scope and sequence document; (3) developing a course outline; (4) writing a teacher lesson plan; (5) writing a student lesson plan; (6) utilizing competency-based curriculum; (7) developing an outline for a peer workshop; (8) discussing community-based projects; (9) giving at least two teaching assignments before peer groups; and (10) one full week of student teaching. This manual gives an overview of the training program for vocational agriculture teachers and vocational home economics teachers. Included in the overview are the subjects to be covered and outcomes anticipated in the way of projects produced. Multiple resources are provided in the manual, including volunteer-made materials, learning packets, and student worksheets. (JM)…

Sahito, Zafarullah; Vaisanen, Pertti (2017). Dimensions of Quality in Teacher Education: Perception and Practices of Teacher Educators in the Universities of Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Higher Education, v6 n6 p44-54. This study was conducted to explore the dimensions of quality education in teacher education departments at universities of Sindh province of Pakistan. The qualitative research approach was employed for data collection and then analysed through thematic-narrative analysis technique. The total eight dimensions of quality were found, as two were concerned with pre-sage, four as process and two as product dimensions, known as 3Ps. The findings of this article would be found reliable resource and an addition in to the existing literature of quality education to understand the phenomenon in existing organisational setting of teacher education departments and institutions in Sindh, Pakistan. The radical reforms for educational and economic development can be brought through better understanding of the phenomenon of the quality education, which support the teacher educators, students and the heads to maintain peace and prosperity for humanity in their respective societies through quality… [PDF]

Schlichtmann, Klaus (2007). H. G. Wells and Peace Education. Journal of Peace Education, v4 n2 p193-206 Sep. H. G. Wells produced some of the best literature and practical ideas on peace, providing essential clues for achieving a mutually beneficial federal human unity through an "Open Conspiracy", as he put it, i.e. an intellectual and political transformation, and a revolution in education. It is possible to abolish war and ensure lasting human progress and prosperity–facilitated today, as Wells had foreseen, by emerging third-world countries like China and India, which are becoming essential pillars to sustain world civilization in the 21st century. However, world peace is impossible to achieve without humanity possessing common historical ideas. As people everywhere become "citizens of the world", a "world commonweal", with universally applied education and elements of a global administration, is actually emerging, as Wells predicted. Concretely, for this to fully meterialisie in our present age, shaped by the predicament of the nuclear age, globalisation… [Direct]

Turan, Emine Zehra (2020). Human Rights Education in Religious Culture and Ethics Courses. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, v11 n2 p61-83. All individuals expect to be informed about and respectful of human rights for the sake of international peace. This study aims to evaluate students' views and suggestions on Religious Culture and Ethics courses regarding human rights education in Turkey. A qualitative method was followed by adopting a case study inquiry. The participants were 7th and 8th grade students studying at a secondary school in Turkey. There were 30 voluntarily participants who took part in the study, and completed a questionnaire on the Religious Culture and Ethics Course. The results indicated that religious culture and ethics courses were considered as one of the most suitable platforms in which to teach human rights. The results also reported that there were fundamental differences in the perception of religious education and the emphasis on human and individual rights in religious culture and ethics courses, and instead of universal values, the results show that Islamic values were prioritized rather… [PDF]

√ñztas, Sezai (2018). A Literary Genre in Value Education in History Courses: Poems. Journal of Education and Training Studies, v6 n5 p34-39 May. One of the objectives of education in schools is to acquire values. In this sense, history courses are among the important courses in which students can acquire values. Students can acquire values such as justice, peace, honesty, empathy, tolerance, human rights, respect, love, responsibility, charity, patriotism, etc. through history courses. There are many materials in history courses that support value education and that can be used in value education. One of these materials is poetry. It is possible to detect the historical events of the period they were written and the values of society. From this perspective, it is important to use poems in value education in history education. Different learning environments will be granted for students through the use of poetry in value education in history courses. Furthermore, the use of such different materials in the acquisition of values in history lessons will enable further internalization of values. In this study, the fact that value… [PDF]

Paus, Eva (2018). Celebrating International Education While Closing Minds and Borders?. New England Journal of Higher Education, Nov. In 2018, like in the past 17 years, the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Education have designated one week in the fall "to celebrate the benefits of international education and exchanges worldwide." The author says we must ask which international education benefits we are celebrating. She states that the policies of this administration negate the value of engagement across cultural difference with an open mind and of wanting to understand other countries and cultures. Many people who oppose these policies highlight the harm done to the opportunities for international students or the economic costs to this country. What they tend to ignore are the benefits for U.S. students, indeed for all students, of international student diversity on their campus. Sustained interaction with students from other countries–in the classroom, in residence halls and community–opens minds, challenges all students to understand and empathize with individuals who are… [Direct]

Atmowardoyo, Haryanto; Weda, Sukardi (2018). Cross-Cultural Competence (CCC) and Cross – Cultural Understanding (CCU) in Multicultural Education in the EFL Classroom. Journal of English as an International Language, v13 n2.2 p9-31 Dec. Indonesia is a large multicultural country with 1340 ethnic groups (netralnews.com). To live in social harmony, we need to maintain cross cultural competence. With this reason, there is awareness that the inclusion of cross-cultural understanding (CCU) in multicultural education at university curricula to social and humanity sciences is crucial to language learners from different ethnic groups. This study aimed at exploring cross cultural competence (CCC) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom at higher education in Indonesia. In this study, we explored CCC practices in the EFL classroom at English Department Universitas Negeri Makassar in 2018/2019 academic year. A questionnaire was distributed and responded by forty-four students. The data obtained from respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics revealing the mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and percentage of students' perceptions on the questionnaire dealing with CCC practices and CCU… [PDF]

Bekerman, Zvi; Nir, Adam (2006). Opportunities and Challenges of Integrated Education in Conflict-Ridden Societies: The Case of Palestinian-Jewish Schools in Israel. Childhood Education, v82 n6 p327 Aug. This article reports on a rather new and revolutionary education initiative in Israel. The information and descriptions offered are based on the results of a long-term ethnographic research effort that has been conducted since 1999 in the integrated bilingual Palestinian-Jewish schools in Israel. The bilingual schools are a product of the entrepreneurship of good-willed citizens who, unaided by theoretical conceptualizations, developed a system based on commonsensical humane approaches, flowing from their experience in Israel's complex and unjust society. The schools' functioning can be conceptualized through a variety of existing theoretical paradigms, including peace and co-existence education, collaborative learning, multiculturalism, bilingual education, contact hypothesis, and less-recognized acculturation theories. These paradigms can be relevant to the development of better strategies and pedagogies, which can help to overcome mistrust and fear between the communities involved…

Austin, Roger, Ed.; Hunter, William J., Ed. (2020). Blended and Online Learning for Global Citizenship: New Technologies and Opportunities for Intercultural Education. Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education. Routledge Research in International and Comparative Education By showcasing international, European, and community-based projects, this volume explores how online technologies and collaborative and blended learning can be used to bolster social cohesion and increase students' understanding of what it means to be a global citizen. With the pace of technology rapidly increasing, "Blended and Online Learning for Global Citizenship" draws timely attention to the global lessons being learned from the impact of these technologies on peace building, community development, and acceptance of difference. In-depth case studies showcasing successful projects in Europe, Northern Ireland, and Israel explore blended learning and illustrate how schools and educators have embraced online technologies to foster national and international links both within and beyond communities. This has, in turn, equipped students with experiences that have informed their attitudes to cultural and political conflicts, as well as racial, ethnic, and social diversity…. [Direct]

Kang, Jiyoung (2020). Not Inferior but Backward: Representation of Asia in U.S. World History Textbooks during the Interwar Period. American Educational History Journal, v47 n1 p85-100. "International education" in the United States has been dominated by nationalism that advocates such understanding primarily for the purpose of improving economic and military competitiveness with other nations (Parker 2008). Nevertheless, although they represent a minority voice, there have been researchers and educators who argue that international education should serve to build peace and promote students' global citizenship (Parker 2011). This minority voice also existed in the interwar period (1919-1938, between World War I and World War II), when the fear of war and the resultant patriotism swept the country. This paper investigates representations of Asia in U.S. world history textbooks during the interwar period. From the array of world history textbooks published in this period, the research focused on five that expressed an explicit intention to include Asia. Three of these focused exclusively on world history (Rogers, Adams, and Brown 1937; Tuell 1920; Pahlow… [Direct]

Gunarhadi; Murti, Desy Krisna; Winarno (2020). Development of Educational Comic with Local Wisdom to Foster Morality of Elementary School Students: A Need Analysis. International Journal of Educational Methodology, v6 n2 p337-343. The curriculum of an elementary school of Indonesian education currently emphasizes the affective aspects as a result of student learning for the sustainability of national development. This fact encourages teachers the responsibility to create and develop effective learning tools to foster tolerance, nationalism, be communicative and friendly, love peace, and social care. The objective of the study is to analyze the needs of students in elementary schools towards the development of educational comics to foster character development. This study uses qualitative approach. Participants were 120 fifth grade students. A questionnaire was used to collect the data of the study. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The results of the study revealed that there was an interest of students in comic media as a teaching aid containing local wisdom values for character education. In the aspect of construction, comics are needed that are related to the ideal scope and size of the… [PDF]

(1993). The Universal and the National in Preschool Education. Papers from the OMEP International Seminar (Moscow, Russia, December 4-7, 1991). YCF Series 3. This collection of 27 brief essays focuses on universal aspects of childhood and early childhood education, education for peace, model early childhood programs, and the development of children's thinking and creativity skills. The essays are: (1) "The Universal and the National in Preschool Education (Goutard); (2) "Preschool Childhood: Cultural and Historical Aspects" (Kudreyavtsev); (3) "The Role of National Literature in Children's Artistic-Verbal Development" (Chemortan); (4) "From Teacher Training to Teaching Children: Television as an Aid to Contextualization" (Irisarri); (5) "Empathic Sensitivity in Preschool Children" (Sochaczewska); (6) "Verbal Communication of Deaf Children: The Foundation of a Normal Life" (Leongard); (7) "The Subculture of Preschool Children and Make-Believe Play" (Mikhailenko); (8) "The Role of Adults in Children's Play" (Misurcova); (9) "The Individual, Ethnic, and… [PDF]

Hilton, Gillian, Ed.; Kalin, Jana, Ed.; Niemczyk, Ewelina, Ed.; Ogunleye, James, Ed.; Popov, Nikolay, Ed.; Wolhuter, Charl, Ed. (2016). Education Provision to Every One: Comparing Perspectives from around the World. BCES Conference Books, Volume 14, Number 1. Bulgarian Comparative Education Society Papers from the proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society was submitted in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers submitted at the conference held in Sofia, Bulgaria, June 14-17, 2016. Volume 2 contains papers submitted at the 4th International Partner Conference of the International Research Centre (IRC) "Scientific Cooperation," Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The overall conference theme was "Education Provision to Every One: Comparing Perspectives from Around the World" and included six thematic sections: (1) Comparative Education & History of Education; (2) Pre-service and In-service Teacher Training & Learning and Teaching Styles; (3) Education Policy, Reforms and School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion; (5) Law and Education: Legislation and Inclusive Education, Child Protection & Human Rights Education; and (6) Research Education: Developing Globally Competent… [PDF]

Anam, Saeful; Degeng, I. Nyoman Sudana; Kuswandi, Dedi; Murtadho, Nurul (2019). The Moral Education and Internalization of Humanitarian Values in "Pesantren". Online Submission, Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists v7 n4 p815-834 Dec. This article aims to explain the existence of Islamic boarding schools ("pesantren") in efforts to instill and develop character in students ("santri"). This is also the basis that "pesantren" is an alternative education for the advancement of the nation's civilization. In this qualitative case study, we examine a "pesantren" in the practice of learning that emphasizes the character learning to foster human values. Data were taken using direct observation techniques and interviews with informants, namely three "kiai," five teachers and seven students ("santri"). The results of the research showed that: (1) "pesantren" are educational institutions that are very effective in developing the character in students ("santri") especially on human values, which ensure the unity of the nation; (2) this research gives evidence that "pesantren" in Indonesia are friendly Islamic educational institutions… [PDF]

Yvonne Monica De La Rosa (2021). Ahora Puedo Respirar: Now I Can Breathe. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas State University – San Marcos. This research explored the struggle and resiliency of a Mexican American community in Central Texas as they attempted to maintain, teach, and celebrate their Mexican American roots, customs, knowledge, and celebrations through community education. The research employed critical ethnography to explore history and its impact on self, organization, and community; it also interrogated agency within racially contentious times. Additionally, this research provides insight into public pedagogy of teaching, learning, and leading as a means to remember and record the growth and change within the local Mexican American community. The community learning exchange theory of change informed this dynamic-critical place-based conceptual framework. The study's framework was a hybrid that included: theory of change, public pedagogy, community cultural wealth, culturally relevant pedagogy, and community education through the arts. The research design was grounded in critical ethnography, social… [Direct]

El-Kogali, Safaa El Tayeb, Ed.; Krafft, Caroline, Ed. (2020). Expectations and Aspirations: A New Framework for Education in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank Education, which has been at the heart of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region's history and civilizations for centuries, has a large untapped potential to contribute to human capital, well-being, and wealth. The region has invested heavily in education for decades, but it has not been able to reap the benefits of its investments. Despite a series of reforms, MENA has remained stuck in a low-learning, low-skills level. "Expectations and Aspirations: A New Framework for Education in the Middle East and North Africa" identifies four key sets of tensions that are holding back education in the region: credentials and skills, discipline and inquiry, control and autonomy, and tradition and modernity. These tensions are shaped by society and are reflected in classrooms. If they are not addressed, MENA will continue to operate at a level below its potential. This report outlines a new framework with a three-pronged approach that can help address these tensions and unleash… [PDF]

Rodriguez, Carolina M. (2018). A Method for Experiential Learning and Significant Learning in Architectural Education via Live Projects. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, v17 n3 p279-304 Jul. In many schools of architecture worldwide, design studios are frequently isolated from everyday life and tend to focus on theory without experience. In countries with complex social problems, such as Colombia, experiential learning can offer valuable opportunities for architectural education to become an agency for social reconstruction and peace building. This works proposes a teaching method which centres on the promotion of significant learning, through live projects as a complement to studio-based projects. Bloom's revised taxonomy and Fink's taxonomy for levels of knowledge were used as references. In order to develop and test this method, 15 different live projects were designed, built and analysed over the course of four years. These involved the participation of 170 undergraduate learners, various national and international teachers, six sponsors from the construction industry and 12 children's foundations. The findings reveal valuable insights into the development of… [Direct]

Holt, Janet; Hoppes, Emily (2017). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Schools Toolkit. Let Girls Learn. Publication Number M0124. Peace Corps This resource was developed to support Peace Corps Volunteers who are working with schools to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and programming. It is intended to provide guidance, resources, and ideas to support comprehensive WASH programming that is focused on behavior change and sustainability. There is no "one-size fits all" model project for WASH in schools. Instead, this toolkit promotes comprehensive needs assessments that can support Volunteers in a holistic discussion with their school community about all the dimensions of WASH. In the end, a school that provides appropriate WASH facilities, education, and programs can have a positive impact on both the health and learning of students…. [PDF]

Merey, Zihni (2018). A Comparison of Human Rights Education in Social Studies Textbooks in Turkey and the United States. International Journal of Progressive Education, v14 n6 p18-37. The aim of this study was to compare the level of allocation of human rights education issues in social studies textbooks in Turkey and the United States. For this aim, six social studies textbooks from both countries were examined. Textbooks were analyzed in terms of their level of "human rights education issues," in accordance with Karaman-Kepenekci's (1999) subcategories. A content analysis method was used to analyze the textbooks. As a result, it was observed that human rights education issues were included more in Turkish social studies textbooks. The study showed that Turkish and United States textbooks contained the "rights" subcategory the most. While the intensity scores of the "democracy," "freedom," and "judgment" subcategories were listed the highest in both countries' textbooks, on the other hand, the intensity scores of the "tolerance" and "peace" subcategories were placed last in the textbooks of… [PDF]

Hector Hernan Molano Cortes (2018). To Teach SPR as a New Reading of the Book of Micah that Encourages Peace in Colombia: Case Studies in the Reformed Theological Seminary and the Suburb of Palmito. ProQuest LLC, D.Min. Dissertation, American Baptist Seminary of the West. Colombia has been immersed in wars and violence for many years; some scholars say that the country has been in conflict since 1962. The reality is that the country began its development with multiple wars and power struggles, the latter incited by political parties. In the midst of multiple conflicts, religion has played an important role in the formation of the country, used by all sides for their own interests, and many times it had become a direct cause of the problems. Colombia has been marked by Christianity, most of the Colombians consider themselves as believers in God and at one time Colombia was the most Catholic country in the world. Due the arrival of Protestantism, new struggles had appeared which was spearheaded by the Catholic Church in making it difficult for the early founders of these new Protestant churches. Unfortunately, certain privileges continue to persist for the Catholic Church despite the fact that the Constitution guarantees freedom of worship. From its… [Direct]

√áangal, √ñnder (2022). The Reasons of Syrians Learning Turkish as a Second Language, Their Perceptions of Turkey and Their Future Expectations. International Journal of Progressive Education, v18 n1 p65-84. The Syrian question has not remained as an internal conflict; instead, it has affected both Turkey as well as whole Europe. According to 2020 statistics, approximately three and a half million Syrians reside in Turkey, and approximately 850 thousand of these Syrians are young people between the ages of 15-24.The determination of the reasons why the young population who could be regarded as the future of the Syria learn Turkish, their perceptions of Turkey and expectations from the future, is vitally important for both the proper administration of their process' of learning Turkish as a second language, as well as for the planning of the future of the young Syrians. This study, which aims to determine the reasons why Syrians who choose to learn Turkish as a second language, their perceptions of Turkey and expectations from the future, has been prepared per the qualitative research model. An interview form to be used in the study was prepared by the assistance of experts in the field… [PDF]